Cells Test Review Flashcards
Describe the function of a plant cell wall. What material is it made of?
The function of the cell wall is to support the structure of the cell, the cell wall is made of cellulose
Which metabolic reaction occurs in the chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
What substance is the cytoskeleton made of?
Proteins
List the two areas of the endoplasmic reticulum. Describe the difference in structure between the two areas. Name the products of each area.
The “smooth” ER and the “rough” ER. The smooth ER does NOT have any ribosomes attached to the structure, while the rough ER does have ribosomes connected to the structure. The products of the smooth ER include certain lipids, and also detoxes the cell; The products of the rough ER include proteins
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Packages and stored products made in the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What is the function of lysosomes?
The lysosomes digest food particles, bacteria, and viruses that enter the cell
Why are the mitochondria considered the powerhouse of the cell?
The mitochondria produce all of the energy in the cell.
What is the function of ribosomes? What are ribosomes made of?
The ribosomes put together amino acid chains. They are made of protein and contain RNA
Contrast a eukaryote cell with a prokaryote cell
Eukaryote cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Prokaryote cells do not contain a nucleus and does NOT have membrane bound organelles
What is the function of the plant’s central vacuole?
To store proteins, ions, and wastewater
Name the four types of eukaryote cells. Name two types of prokaryote cells.
Eukaryote: 1) Plants 2) Animals 3) Fungi 4)Protists
Prokaryote: 1) Bacteria 2)Archea
Give the following information for the endosymbiotic hypothesis
a) Which organelles does it explain the origin of?
b) Describe the hypothesis.
c) Give the main evidence
a) it explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
b) The hypothesis states that a cell swallowed mitochondria and chloroplasts, but didn’t digest the organelles
c) the main piece of evidence is that those two organelles have their own DNA and ribosomes. They also reproduce on their own
Which type of electron microscope would be used to see the surface of a cell?
Scanning electron microscope
What three main organelles/parts does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not have?
1) Cell wall
2) Chloroplasts
3) Central vacuole
Name two organelles/parts that ALL cells have
1) Ribosomes
2) Cell membrane
