Cells Test 4/08/2022 Flashcards
Are cells the basic building blocks of life?
True
The cell theory
The cell theory states that all biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life come from preexisting life.
Who made the first microscope?
Zacharias Jassan and his father
Who named cells? and what after
Robert Hooke, he named them after cell/rooms of a monastery
Name 5 differences of a light microscope and an electron microscope
any of:
- use visible light
- electron beam
- can view easily
- user must be experienced
- image not clear
- make clear image
- use to see dead and live specimens
- use to see only dead specimens
- low magnification
- high magnification
How do you work out the magnification of a specimen?
times the objective lens magnification with the power of the eye lens: e x o
identify all the parts of the microscope: (14)
- body tube
- eye piece
- revolving non piece
- low power objective lens
- medium power objective lens
- high power objective lens
- stage clips
- diaphragm
- light source
- arm
- stage
- coarse focus
- fine focus
- base
how do you use a microscope? (5)
- Make the magnification the lowest possible
- Place the microscope slide on the stage (6) and fasten it with the stage clips.
- Look through the eyepiece and move the focus knob until the image comes into focus.
- Adjust the light intensity for the greatest amount of light.
- Move the microscope slide around until the sample is in the centre of the field of view
Use the focus knob to place the sample into focus and readjust the condenser and light intensity for the clearest image
how do you draw cells? (7)
- Use a sharp pencil.
- Draw only the lines that you see (no shading or colouring).
- Your diagrams should take up about a third to half a page each.
- Record the magnification next to each diagram.
- State the name of the specimen and the date of observation.
- A written description is also often of considerable value.
- When you are viewing many cells at one time, it is often useful to select and draw only two or three representative cells for each observation.
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular
Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that performs all of the organism’s functions, whereas multicellular organisms use many different cells to function.
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
what are the key organelles?
1- cell membrane 2- nucleus 3- Cytoplasm 4- Mitochondria 5- Cell wall 6- Chloroplasts 7-Vacuole
what is a cell membrane?
The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment
what is a Nucleus?
controls the activities of the cell
what is a Cytoplasm?
he gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
what is a Mitochondria?
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell
what is a Cell wall?
rigid nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and encloses and supports the cells of most plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae
what is a Chloroplasts?
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
what is a Vacuole?
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle
Does a Plant Cell have a cell wall?
Yes
Does an animal Cell have a Chloroplasts
No
Does an Plant Cell have a Large vacuole
Yes
What does Nerve cells do?
sending motor commands to our muscles
What does muscle cells do?
create a pulling force to stabilize or move parts of the body
What does red blood cells do?
carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body
What does bone cells do?
to protect the internal organs, to create a rigid frame for muscular movement
What does lung epithelial do?
barrier protection, fluid balance, clearance of particulate, initiation of immune responses, mucus and surfactant production, and repair following injury
What does adipose tissue cells do?
storing and releasing energy to fuel the body and releasing important hormones vital to the body’s needs.
What does skin cells do?
form a tough, waterproof layer against UV radiation, harmful chemicals, and infectious agents
What does sperm cells do?
to be released during sexual intercourse and to eventually meet with an ovum
What does egg cells do?
connect with the male sperm cell in order to become fertilised and produce offspring.
Types of Microscopes?
stereo, light and electron
the cell theory?
The cell theory states that all biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life come from preexisting life.
Who named cells?
Robert Hooke
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
ukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell’s genetic material, while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material instead
Cell types?
Nerve cells Muscle cells Red blood cells Bone cells Lung epithelial cells Adipose tissue cells Skin cells Sperm cells Egg cells
What do you place in the stage clips?
Slides, cavity slides
What do you put over a Slide or cavity slide
cover-slips
What should living things be able to do
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition
