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Science > Cells Test 4/08/2022 > Flashcards

Cells Test 4/08/2022 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are cells the basic building blocks of life?

A

True

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2
Q

The cell theory

A

The cell theory states that all biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life come from preexisting life.

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3
Q

Who made the first microscope?

A

Zacharias Jassan and his father

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4
Q

Who named cells? and what after

A

Robert Hooke, he named them after cell/rooms of a monastery

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5
Q

Name 5 differences of a light microscope and an electron microscope

A

any of:

  • use visible light
  • electron beam
  • can view easily
  • user must be experienced
  • image not clear
  • make clear image
  • use to see dead and live specimens
  • use to see only dead specimens
  • low magnification
  • high magnification
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6
Q

How do you work out the magnification of a specimen?

A

times the objective lens magnification with the power of the eye lens: e x o

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7
Q

identify all the parts of the microscope: (14)

A
  • body tube
  • eye piece
  • revolving non piece
  • low power objective lens
  • medium power objective lens
  • high power objective lens
  • stage clips
  • diaphragm
  • light source
  • arm
  • stage
  • coarse focus
  • fine focus
  • base
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8
Q

how do you use a microscope? (5)

A
  1. Make the magnification the lowest possible
  2. Place the microscope slide on the stage (6) and fasten it with the stage clips.
  3. Look through the eyepiece and move the focus knob until the image comes into focus.
  4. Adjust the light intensity for the greatest amount of light.
  5. Move the microscope slide around until the sample is in the centre of the field of view
    Use the focus knob to place the sample into focus and readjust the condenser and light intensity for the clearest image
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9
Q

how do you draw cells? (7)

A
  1. Use a sharp pencil.
  2. Draw only the lines that you see (no shading or colouring).
  3. Your diagrams should take up about a third to half a page each.
  4. Record the magnification next to each diagram.
  5. State the name of the specimen and the date of observation.
  6. A written description is also often of considerable value.
  7. When you are viewing many cells at one time, it is often useful to select and draw only two or three representative cells for each observation.
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10
Q

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular

A

Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that performs all of the organism’s functions, whereas multicellular organisms use many different cells to function.

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11
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A

The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.

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12
Q

what are the key organelles?

A 
1- cell membrane
2- nucleus
3- Cytoplasm
4- Mitochondria
5- Cell wall
6- Chloroplasts
7-Vacuole
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13
Q

what is a cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment

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14
Q

what is a Nucleus?

A

controls the activities of the cell

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15
Q

what is a Cytoplasm?

A

he gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

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16
Q

what is a Mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell

17
Q

what is a Cell wall?

A

rigid nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and encloses and supports the cells of most plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae

18
Q

what is a Chloroplasts?

A

a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

19
Q

what is a Vacuole?

A

A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle

20
Q

Does a Plant Cell have a cell wall?

A

Yes

21
Q

Does an animal Cell have a Chloroplasts

A

No

22
Q

Does an Plant Cell have a Large vacuole

A

Yes

23
Q

What does Nerve cells do?

A

sending motor commands to our muscles

24
Q

What does muscle cells do?

A

create a pulling force to stabilize or move parts of the body

25
Q

What does red blood cells do?

A

carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

26
Q

What does bone cells do?

A

to protect the internal organs, to create a rigid frame for muscular movement

27
Q

What does lung epithelial do?

A

barrier protection, fluid balance, clearance of particulate, initiation of immune responses, mucus and surfactant production, and repair following injury

28
Q

What does adipose tissue cells do?

A

storing and releasing energy to fuel the body and releasing important hormones vital to the body’s needs.

29
Q

What does skin cells do?

A

form a tough, waterproof layer against UV radiation, harmful chemicals, and infectious agents

30
Q

What does sperm cells do?

A

to be released during sexual intercourse and to eventually meet with an ovum

31
Q

What does egg cells do?

A

connect with the male sperm cell in order to become fertilised and produce offspring.

32
Q

Types of Microscopes?

A

stereo, light and electron

33
Q

the cell theory?

A

The cell theory states that all biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life come from preexisting life.

34
Q

Who named cells?

A

Robert Hooke

35
Q

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

A

ukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell’s genetic material, while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material instead

36
Q

Cell types?

A 
Nerve cells
Muscle cells
Red blood cells
Bone cells
Lung epithelial cells
Adipose tissue cells
Skin cells
Sperm cells
Egg cells
37
Q

What do you place in the stage clips?

A

Slides, cavity slides

38
Q

What do you put over a Slide or cavity slide

A

cover-slips

39
Q

What should living things be able to do

A

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition

Science (2 decks)

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