Cells Study Guide Flashcards
How many characteristics of living things are there?
7
What are all living things made of?
Cells
What are the three important observations about cells called?
(in total)
The Cell Theory
What are the three principles of the cell theory?
1.All living things are made up of one or more cell
2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
3. All new cells come from cells that already exist
What is the process that all new cells come from cells that already exist called?
Cell division
What are unicellular organisms?
Living things made up of one cell.
What are multicellular organisms?
Living things that are made up of 2 or more cells
What are the 7 characteristics of living things?
- Living things are organized
- Living things grow and develop
- Living things reproduce
- Living things respond to stimuli
- Living things maintain internal conditions
- Living things use energy
What do all living things need to survive?
Energy
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
What characteristics do prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells do not have?
- They are smaller than eukaryotic cells
- They have fewer parts in their cells
- Most prokaryotes are unicellular
- They have bacteria cells and archaea cells.
What characteristics do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not?
- Eukaryotes have genetic material surrounded by a lining
- Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles
- They have animal cells, plant cells, protists and fungi cells
Note: Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and their genetic material is found floating in the cytoplasm
Note: Prokaryotes can be divided into Bacteria and Archaea. Archaea can be found in extreme environments.
What are the three shapes that Bacteria come in?
- Sphere’s called coccus
- Rod shaped called bacillus
- Spiral shaped called spirillum
What bacteria causes strep throat and what shape is it in?
Salmonella and it is an oval shape
What are the oldest life forms on earth?
Archaea cells
What type of bacteria causes food poisoning?
Salmonella
What part of the bacteria cells helps it stick to surfaces?
The pilus
What are two foods that Bacteria help make?
Cheese and yogurt
What does decompose mean?
To break down
What is the control center of the bacteria cell?
DNA
What part of the bacteria cell helps it move?
The flagella
Where do Archaea live?
In extreme environments
What do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have in common?
- DNA
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasms
- Cell membrane
What is the cell membrane’s function?
It controls what substances come into and out of a cell. It also surrounds the cell and has pores.
What is a cell wall’s function?
- made of cellulose
- Gives support and structure to the cell
- it is the outermost layer
What is a chloroplasts function?
It converts sunlight to energy. It is used for photosynthesis. It is in plant cells and it contains chlorophyll.
What is a chromosome/chromatin function?
It directs the activities of a cell, passes on DNA and is a rod structure.
What is a cytoplasm function?
It cushions and protects the internal organelles. It is a gel-like material.
What is the function for an endoplasmic reticulum?
They are clear tubular passageways that carry protein throughout the cells.
What is the function for a golgi body?
It receives, packages and distributes protein and other materials.
What is a lysosome’s function?
It digests harmful particles and cleans the cell.
What is the function for a mitochondria?
It creates energy for the cell.
What is the function for a nuclear membrane?
It is a thin membrane that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. It allows materials in and out through pores.
What is the function for a nucleolus?
A nucleolus is made up of RNA and protein. It is where ribosomes are made
What is the nucleus’s function?
It is the control center for the cell.
What is a ribosome’s function?
It is the protein making site of the cell.
What is a vacuole’s function?
It is a storage sac. It holds water and enzymes.
What tool do we use to be able to see cells?
microscopes
What is the definition of an organelle?
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within a cell
