Cells, specialisation, and stem cells Flashcards

End of year revision

1
Q

What is the role of the nucleus in the cell?

A

Controls the cell activity

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2
Q

What is the role of the mitochondria in the cell?

A

Respiration occurs, releasing energy

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3
Q

What is the role of the chloroplast in the cell?

A

Light energy is absorbed and changed into food

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4
Q

What is the role of the ribosome in the cell?

A

Proteins are synthesised here

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5
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in the cell?

A

Supports the cell and keeps its shape

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6
Q

What is the role of the vacuole in the cell?

A

Full of cell sap and maintains shape

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7
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane in the cell?

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out

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8
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm in the cell?

A

Many reactions take place here

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9
Q

Differences between animal and plant cells:

A

Plant cell has a vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall

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10
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

Contains a true nucleus in the cytoplasm and membrane-bound organelles

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11
Q

What is a capsule, and where is it found?

A

It’s a protective layer from damage on bacteria. Also sticks prokaryotic cells together.

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12
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Much smaller than eukaryotic cells, it has a cell wall and doesn’t store genetic material in a nucleus, instead having extra rings of plasmid DNA.

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13
Q

What are the sperm cell adaptations?

A

Flagellum for swimming, mitochondria to maintain energy, nucleus contains half a set of genes from the father, and an acrosome head containing digestive enzymes

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14
Q

What are the adaptations of nerve cells?

A

Long thin shape, making it faster to send electrical messages

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15
Q

What are the adaptations of muscle cells?

A

Has many mitochondria, to release energy

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16
Q

What are the adaptations of root hair cells?

A

Long thin hair the extends from its cell, which gives it a larger surface area for absorbing water and nutrients, and a very thin cell wall to make it easier for water to pass into its cell.

17
Q

What are the adaptations of xylem cells?

A

Dead and hollow tubes for easy water movement

18
Q

What are the adaptations of phloem cells?

A

Holes at the end of the cells allow continuous water movement

19
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

When cells or tissues become adapted to carry out a specific function. These cells are fixed and can only divide to make their own type of cell.

20
Q

Where are plant stem cells found?

A

In the meristem, which are found in the roots and shoots of a plant

21
Q

What are stem cells?

A

They are unspecialised cells, that can become any type of cell.