Cells Quiz #1 Flashcards
ATP
a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes
Bacteria
unicellular organisms that contain cell walls and ribosomes but do not contain
a nuclear membrane around their genetic material or other organelles common to plant
and animal cells.
Carbon Dioxide
a colorless, odorless gas that is produced during respiration and
combustion (burning).
cell
the smallest structural and functional unit of all organisms that is said to be alive.
cellular respiration
a process by which energy is released from food.
compound light microscope
an instrument used to magnify small objects. Two or more
lenses (an eye piece and one of several objective lenses) collect light and bend it to
create the larger image.
eukaryote
an organism in which the genetic material inside of cells is contained within a distinct nucleus.
multicellular
consisting of many cells.
muscle cell
a long, contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body.
neuron
a cell that is able to transmit nerve impulses (signals) from one part of the body to another.
organelle
a cell structure that performs a specific function.
photosynthesis
the process by which light energy is used to combine water and
carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.
prokaryote
single celled organisms that do not contain distinct nuclear membranes around their genetic material. Bacteria is an example of this.
protist
eukaryotic organisms that are neither fungi, plants nor animals.
red blood cell
a cell that uses hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body. Also carries carbon dioxide back to the respiratory organs
root hair cell
a cell found in the roots of plants that absorbs water and nutrients from
the soil.
tissue
a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function.
unicellular
consisting of a single cell.
white blood cell
– Cells in the blood that protect against invading pathogens.
cell wall
surrounds the plant cell and maintains cell shape and structure plant cell only
cell membrane
controls what goes in and out of the cell
cytoplasm
gel-like fluid that supports the cell organelles and holds them in place
nucleus
the control center for the cell
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
place where materials are processed and moved around inside the cell
golgi bodies
packages and transmits cellular material throughout the cell
vacuoles
storage space for waste, water, food, and other cellular material
mitochondria
the powerhouse of the cell; breaks down food to make energy for the cell
lysosome
digestion and waste removal
chloroplast
makes for the plant cells plant cells only
