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BIO > Cells Parts & Structure > Flashcards

Cells Parts & Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

TYPES OF CELLS

A
  • prokaryotic cells
  • eukaryotic cells
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2
Q

simple, single-celled (unicellular)
organism that lacks an organized nucleus or any
other membrane-bound organelle.

A

Prokaryotic cell

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3
Q

The world’s largest
bacterium has been
discovered

A

amongst the
mangroves of the
Caribbean island of
Guadeloupe.

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4
Q

5000 times bigger
than the average
microbe.

A

Thiomargarita magnifica

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5
Q

blue-
green algae, are a
group of
photosynthetic
bacteria that play a
crucial role in the
Earth’s
ecosystems.

A

Cyanobacteria

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6
Q

PARTS OF PROKARYOTIC CELL

A
  • CELL WALL
  • PLASMA MEMBRANE
  • CAPSULE
  • CYTOPLASM
  • PLASMID
  • NUCLEOID
  • RIBOSOME
  • FLAGELLUM
  • FIMBRIAE
  • PILI
  • INCLUSION
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7
Q

protective
layer that surrounds some
cells and gives them shape
and rigidity.

A

CELL WALL

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8
Q

The major
component of bacterial cell
walls

A

peptidoglycan

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9
Q

thin lipid bilayer that
completely surrounds the cell
and separates the inside from
the outside.

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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10
Q

Some prokaryotic cells
have a protective outer
layer. Slimy, gel-like
coating.

A

capsule

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11
Q

can
help protect the cell from
the host’s immune system.

A

CAPSULE

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12
Q

gel-like substance that
fills the cell and contains
various cellular structures

A

CYTOPLASM

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13
Q

small,
circular, double stranded DNA
molecule that exists
independently of the
chromosomal DNA in
the bacterial cell.

A

PLASMID

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14
Q

A region within the
cytoplasm where the
circular DNA molecule
is located.

A

NUCLEOID

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15
Q

Cellular structures
responsible for
protein synthesis.

A

RIBOSOME

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16
Q
  • Whip-like
    appendages that
    extend from the cell
    surface, enabling the
    cell to move.
  • Not all
    prokaryotic cells have
    flagella.
A

FLAGELLUM

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17
Q
  • Bristle-like-fibers that are
    shorter than pili.
  • It is
    primarily used for bacterial
    attachment.
A

FIMBRIAE

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18
Q

Short, hair-like structures
on the cell surface that aid
in adherence to surfaces or
other cells

A

PILI

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19
Q

transfer of
genetic material during a
process called CONJUGATION

A

PILI

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20
Q

type of cell
that possesses a
true nucleus and
membrane-bound
organelles

A

eukaryotic cell

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21
Q

PARTS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

A
  • PLASMA MEMBRANE
  • CYTOPLASM
  • NUCLEUS
  • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SMOOTH & ROUGH)
  • GOLGI APPARATUS
  • VESICLES
  • LYSOSOMES
  • PEROXISOMES
  • MITOCHONDRIA
  • VACUOLE
  • CHLOROPLAST
  • RIBOSOMES
  • CENTROSOME
  • NUCLEOULUS
  • NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
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22
Q
  • cell membrane
  • is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
A

PLASMA MEMBRANE (Gatekeeper of the Cell)

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23
Q

In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to on its outside surface.

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE (Gatekeeper of the Cell)

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24
Q
  • regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
A

PLASMA MEMBRANE (Gatekeeper of the Cell)

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25
Q
  • interior of the cell that surrounds the nucleus
  • includes the organelles and a jelly-like fluid called the cytosol.
A

CYTOPLASM

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26
Q
  • Cellular processes, such as metabolism and protein synthesis,
    occur
A

CYTOPLASM

27
Q
  • control center of the cell.
  • It is the largest organelle in the cell and it contains the DNA of the cell
A

NUCLEUS (control center)

28
Q

a network of
membranes involved in
the synthesis of lipids
and proteins

A

ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (Highway
of the Cell)

29
Q

TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (Highway
of the Cell)

A
  • rough (RER)
  • smooth (SER),
30
Q

most protein
synthesis occurs in the
cell

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

31
Q
  • synthesize lipids in the
    cell.
  • helps in the
    detoxification of harmful
    substances in the cell.
A

smooth endoplasmic
reticulum

32
Q
  • called Golgi complex.
  • responsible for
    transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids to
    target destinations
A

GOLGI APPARATUS (Packaging center of the cell)

33
Q

first person to
describe this organelle GOLGI APPARATUS (Packaging center of the cell)

A

Camillo Golgi.

34
Q
  • small, membrane-bound sac that can transport and store substances within a cell.
  • involved in various
    cellular processes, including intracellular transport, secretion, and
    storage of cellular materials
A

VESICLES

35
Q

membrane-bound vesicles
containing enzymes that break down and digest
cellular waste materials, old organelles, and foreign
substances.

A

LYSOSOMES (Suicide bags of the cell)

36
Q

involved in
various metabolic
processes,
particularly those
related to lipid
metabolism and
detoxification

A

PEROXISOMES

37
Q
  • play a
    crucial role in cellular
    respiration, producing
    energy (in the form of
    ATP) for the cell.
  • They have their own
    circular DNA and
    replicate
    independently of the
    cell
A

MITOCHONDRIA
(Powerhouse of the
Cell)

38
Q
  • found in the
    cells of plants, animals
    fungi, and some protists.
  • maintaining cell turgor
    pressure, storing
    nutrients and waste
    products, and
    participating in various
    cellular processes.
A

VACUOLE

39
Q
  • membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some protists.
  • sites of photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, ultimately providing energy for the organism.
A

CHLOROPLAST

40
Q

These organelles contain pigments, including chlorophyll,
which give them a green color

A

CHLOROPLAST

41
Q

involved in protein
synthesis, translating
genetic information
from mRNA
(messenger RNA)
into functional
proteins

A

RIBOSOMES
(Protein factories

42
Q
  • plays a crucial role in
    organizing microtubules
    during cell division.
  • It is primarily found in animal
    cells and some lower plant
    cells.
  • involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle, a structure essential for the proper segregation of
    chromosomes during cell
    division.
A

CENTROSOME

43
Q

distinctive feature of
plant cells, providing
structural support,
protection, and rigidity
to plant tissues

A

CELL WALL

44
Q

primary
component of the plant
cell wall and provides
strength and rigidity to
the structure

A

Cellulose

45
Q

network of protein
filaments (such as microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate
filaments) that provides structural support, and shape, and facilitates
cellular movement.

A

CYTOSKELETON (cellular skeleton)

46
Q

COMPARISON OF STRUCTURES BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL

(PLANT CELL)

A
  • Cell wall (rigid shape)
  • Large central vacuole
  • Chloroplasts (autotroph)
  • Lack centrosomes
  • Lack lysosomes
47
Q

COMPARISON OF STRUCTURES BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL

(ANIMAL CELL)

A
  • No cell wall (irregular shape)
  • Numerous small vacuoles
  • No chloroplasts (heterotroph)
  • Centrioles/centrosomes
  • Lysosomes
48
Q

SIZE
PLANT CELL

A

Plant cells range from 10 and
100 micrometers in length.

49
Q

SIZE
ANIMAL CELL

A

range from 10 to
30 micrometers in length.

50
Q

SHAPE
PLANT CELL

A

more similar in
size and are typically
rectangular or cube-shaped.

51
Q

SHAPE
ANIMAL CELL

A

come in various
sizes and tend to have round
or irregular shapes

52
Q

CELL WALL
PLANT CELL

A

surrounded by
a rigid cell wall.

53
Q

CELL WALL
ANIMAL CELL

A

does not have
a cell wall.

54
Q

VACUOLE
PLANT CELL

A

a large
central vacuole that can
occupy up to 90% of the cell’s
volume.

55
Q

LYSOSOMES
PLANT CELL

A

do not contain
lysosomes as the plant
vacuole handles molecule
degradation

56
Q

CENTROSOMES
PLANT CELL

A

absent in
plant cells

57
Q

REPRODUCTION
PLANT CELL

A

reproduce
through mitosis and also
have unique reproductive
structures like pollen and
ovules for sexual
reproduction

58
Q

ENERGY STORAGE
PLANT CELL

A

Stores energy as starch.

59
Q

VACUOLE
ANIMAL CELL

A

Animal cells may have many
small vacuoles

60
Q

LYSOSOMES
ANIMAL CELL

A

possess
lysosomes which contain
enzymes that digest cellular
macromolecules

61
Q

CENTROSOMES
ANIMAL CELL

A

have
centrosomes.

62
Q

REPRODUCTION
ANIMAL CELL

A

Animal cells reproduce
through mitosis for growth
and repair. Sexual
reproduction occurs
through specialized
reproductive cells (sperm
and egg cells).

63
Q

ENERGY STORAGE
ANIMAL CELL

A

Stores energy in the form of
the complex carbohydrate
glycogen.

BIO (1 decks)

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