Cells (parts, functions, processes) Flashcards
Bacteria
The kingdom of life which has no cell membrane or nucleus and is always unicellular
Body cell
All of the cells in an organism not involved in reproduction
Cell Differentiation
A process where cells chance to perform different roles
Cell Division
A process where one cell becomes more than one cell
Cell membrane
Surrounds the cell and keeps it together; also decides what material enters and leaves
Cell Organelle
Parts of the cell that perform specific functions
Cell Wall
The stiff outer layer of a cell that protects the cell and gives it shape
Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
Cellular Respiration
The process where organisms get energy from organic molecules
Cilia
A hair-like organelle on the outside of a cell used in movement
Dominant
A genetic characteristic that is always expressed by the organism
Eukaryote
A type of organism that has a true nucleus in its cell(s)
Flagella
An organelle of some prokaryotes that allows for movement and resembles a tail
Gametes
The cells that are responsible for sexual reproduction; sperm, eggs
Meiosis
The process of cell division which produces four sex cells (gametes) from one cell
Mitochondria
An organelle in all eukaryotic cells which is responsible for energy production
Mitosis
The process of cell division which produces two body cells from one cell
Photosynthesis
The process that happens in plants and some other organisms which takes the sun’s energy and turns it into usable energy; 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light è C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
Chloroplasts
Organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in plant and algal cells
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes
Sexual Reproduction
The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).
Somatic Cell
a cell that does not participate in reproduction
