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NMH > Cells of the nervous system > Flashcards

Cells of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Define neuron

A

basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

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2
Q

List morphological subtypes of neurons

A

pseudounipolar, bipolar, Golgi type I multipolar, Golgi type II multipolar

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3
Q

Give examples of Golgi type I multipolar neurons

A

pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex, purkinje cells of cerebellum, anterior horn of spinal cord, retinal ganglion cells

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4
Q

Give an example of Golgi type II multipolar neurons

A

stellate cells of cerebral cortex/cerebellum

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5
Q

State functions of interneurons

A

modification, coordination, integration, facilitation, inhibition of sensory input

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6
Q

What determines the diversity in neuronal processes?

A

location and function

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7
Q

What is the function of the spines on dendrites?

A

receives majority of synapses

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8
Q

What is the function of a dendrite?

A

reception of incoming information

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9
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

conduction of impulses away from cell body (output)

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10
Q

What are the functions of a neuron?

A

information processing unit, generation and conduction of electrical signals, chemical communication between one another

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11
Q

Why is a highly developed cytoskeleton required for neurons?

A

important in determination of axon caliber

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12
Q

Which cytoskeletal components are present in the neuron?

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

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13
Q

List the types of synapses

A

axo-dendritic, axo-somatic, axo-axonic

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14
Q

Which type of synapse is inhibitory?

A

axo-somatic

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15
Q

Which type of synapse is excitatory?

A

axo-dendritic

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16
Q

Which type of synapse is modulatory?

A

axo-axonic

17
Q

List the main classes of neuroglia

A

astroglia, oligodendrogllia, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, satellite glia

18
Q

List functions of astroglia

A

scaffold for neuronal migration and axon growth, formation of blood brain barrier, transport of substances from blood to neurons, segregation of neuronal processes, removal of neurotransmitters, synthesis of neurotrophic factors, neuronal-glial and glial neuronal signalling, buffering of potassium ions, glial scar formation

19
Q

What is the function of oligodendroglia?

A

formation and maintence of myelin sheath in CNS

20
Q

What is the role of the microglia?

A

neuronal macrophage (immune surveillance), tissue modelling, synaptic stripping

21
Q

Where are microglia derived from?

A

bone marrow during early development

22
Q

Give an example of a peripheral glila and its function

A

Schwann cell - formation and maintenance of myelin sheath in PNS, axon regeneration

23
Q

How may astroglia-astroglia signalling achieved?

A

presence of gap junctions

NMH (3 decks)

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