Cells Of The Nervous System

Question 0

Define Glial Cell

Answer 0

Out number neurons by a factor of 10 to 50.
Provide physical and metabolic support
Assist in neuron repair, growth and protection
There are many types

Question 1

Define Neuron

Answer 1

Cells that can transmit electrical signals
Neurons can have various morphologies
Axons of a single neuron can be quite long

Question 2

Name two type of glial cells

Answer 2

Neurolemmocytes and oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Neurolemmocyte

Answer 3

Are the glial cell of the PNS that produce myelin

Question 4

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 4

Glial cells of the CNS that produce myelin

Question 5

Neuron morphology:

What neurons are located in the CNS?

Answer 5

Multipolar and anaxonix

Question 6

What type of neurons are located in the Efferent PNS?

Answer 6

Multipolar

Question 7

What neurons are located in the Afferent PNS?

Answer 7

Bipolar and pseudounipolar

Question 8

What do multipolar neurons look like?

Answer 8

Has multiple axons from one cell body with many dendrites.

Question 9

What is an anaxonic neuron?

Answer 9

A neuron with no axon. And many dendrites come from the cell body.

Question 10

What is the equilibrium potential for K+?

Answer 10

-94mV

Question 11

What is the equilibrium potential for Na+?

Answer 11

-60mV

Question 12

The Nernst equation at 37*C

Answer 12

E(ion)=(61mV/z)*log([ion out]/[ion in])

Z is charge of the ion
Out=ECF
In=ICF

Question 13

What is he equilibrium potential of Ca++ ?

Answer 13

+99mV

Question 14

What is the equilibrium potential of Cl-?

Answer 14

-89mV

Question 15

What is resting membrane potential?

Answer 15

Has electrical potential of -70mV

Question 16

Why is resting membrane potential negative?

Answer 16

Because k+ is 25 times more permeable to to the cell membrane. And flows out of the cell (efflux) such that it exceeds the influx on Na+ and a steady state is reached at -70mV.

Question 17

Depolarize

Answer 17

Happens when the charge goes more positive from resting state

Question 18

Hyperpolarize

Answer 18

Happens when the cell becomes more negatively charged from resting position

Question 19

EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential)

Answer 19

Equivalent to a depolarizing Graded Potential

Question 20

Conduction velocity is dependent on what 2 characteristics of the neuron?

Answer 20

Presence of myelinated motor axons and diameter of axons (increased/fat increase velocity)

Question 21

What are 2 demyelination diseases? And how do they effect the body?

Answer 21

Multiple sclerosis: autoimmune destruction of oligodendrocytes. And adrenoleukodystrophy: loss of neuronlemmocytes from somatic motor neurons. (Only boys)

Question 22

Anatomy of a synapse

Answer 22

Presynaptic membrane
Postsynaptic membrane
Synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters
Receptors on Postsynaptic membrane

Question 23

ACh is degraded by what enzyme?

Answer 23

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Question 24

Why are neurotransmitter half lives small?

Answer 24

They must be short because they I control muscle contractions and other parts of the body that must quickly act and react?

Question 25

What are the 3 types of synapse?

Answer 25

Neuron-neuron
Neuron-muscle (neuromuscular)
Neuron-gland junction

Question 26

What is synesthesia?

Answer 26

Confusion of senses

Question 27

What are the 4 characteristics of sensory?

Answer 27

Nature
Location
Duration
Intensity