Cells of the Nervous System

Question 1

The two divisions of the nervous system are ___ and ____

Answer 1

The CNS (Central) and PNS (Peripheral)

Question 2

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 2

Sensory, motor, and interneurons

Question 3

Pathway of neurons

Answer 3

Sensory, interneurons, motor

Question 4

What is the soma made of?

Answer 4

Nucleus and protein synthesis machinery

Question 5

Function of dendrites

Answer 5

Receive input from other neurons

Question 6

Axons are covered by a

Answer 6

myelin sheath

Question 7

Axons carry an action potential from ____ to _____

Answer 7

from soma to terminal buttons

Question 8

Anterograde (Orthograde) transport

Answer 8

Movement of substances made in the soma

towards the terminal buttons; uses ATP

Question 9

Retrograde transport

Answer 9

Movement of materials from terminal buttons

towards the soma; requires energy (ATP)

Question 10

Retrograde transport uses

Answer 10

dynein

Question 11

Anterograde transport uses

Answer 11

kinesin

Question 12

What are the three types of glial cells?

Answer 12

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia

Question 13

Functions of astrocytes

Answer 13

i. Provide physical support to neurons and control
chemical environment around neurons
ii. Processes (arms) wrap around neurons and blood vessels
iii. Help nourish neurons
a. Convert glucose from bloodstream to lactate, which is
then used by neurons
b. Store glycogen to convert to glucose later
iv. Act as “glue” by holding neurons in place
v. Surround and isolate synapses to limit dispersion of
neurotransmitters

Question 14

Astrocytes remove debris via

Answer 14

phagocytosis

Question 15

Function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 15

Produce the myelin sheath around axons in

the CNS

Question 16

What is the node of ranvier?

Answer 16

gaps in the myelin sheath

Question 17

Functions of microglia

Answer 17

i. Act as phagocytes
ii. Protect brain from invading organisms—
immune system function