Cells of the immune system Flashcards
What are the 7 subsets of helper T cells and what are their general functions?
Th22: Allergy and elimination of extracellular parasites
Tfh: B cell help
Th17: Bacteria, fungi, cancer, autoimmunity
Th1: Antigen presentation and cellular immunity
Th2: Humoral immunity and allergy
Th9: Mucosal immunity, autoimmunity, cancer
Treg: Immune suppression/tolerance
What are the transcription factors of the 7 subsets of helper T cells?
Th22: AhR
Tfh: BCL6
Th17: RoRyt
Th1: T-bet
Th2: GATA3
Th9: PU-1 & IRF4
Treg: FOXP3
What are the major cytokines produced by the 7 subsets of helper T cells?
Th22: IL22
Tfh: IL21
Th17: IL17A/F
Th1: IFNy
Th2: IL4, IL5, IL13
Th9: IL9
Treg: IL10, IL35, TGF-B
What are the cytokines that lead to the differentiation of the 7 major helper T cell subsets?
Th22: IL6, TNF
Tfh: IL6, IL21
Th17: IL6, IL23, TGF-B, IL1B
Th1: IL12
Th2: IL4
Th9: IL4, TGF-B
Treg: TGF-B
What surface markers can be used for the identification of helper T cell subsets?
Tregs: CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127-(CD127 is downregulated in Tregs)
Memory Tfh: CD3+CD4+CD127+CD45RA-CXCR5+
Memory Th9: CD3+CD4+CD127+CD45RA-CCR6+CCR4-
Memory Th1: CD3+CD4+CD127+CD45RA-CCR6-CCR10-CXCR3+
Memory Th22: CD3+CD4+CD127+CD45RA-CCR6+CCR4+CCR10+CXCR3-
Memory Th17: CD3+CD4+CD127+CD45RA-CCR6+CCR4+CCR10-CXCR3-
Memory Th2: CD3+CD4+CD127+CD45RA-CCR6-CCR4+CCR10-CXCR3-CRTH2+
Markers for memory T cells in mice/humans?
In humans: CD45RA- or CD45RO+ (CD45RA is expressed on naive T cells and downregulated on antigen-experienced T cells) and CCR7+ (which is low density).
In mice:
CD62L+CD44+ = Tcm
CD62L-CD44+ = Tem
CD62L+CD44- = naive
What are the AIM markers?
OX40 (CD134), PD-L1 (CD274), 4-1BB (CD137), CD25
Surface markers for memory B cells?
DUMP: CD3 (T cells), CD14 (monocytes), CD56 (NK cells)
Naive B cells: DUMP-CD19+(or B220+)IgD+CD27-
Non-class-switched Bmem: DUMP-CD19+IgD+CD27+
Class-switched Bmem: DUMP-CD19+CD27+IgD-
Plasmablasts vs plasma cells vs memory B cells?
Plasmablasts are rapidly produced and short-lived. Plasma cells are long-lived and often go to tissue or bone marrow for a more durable antibody production post infection.
Memory B cells go into circulation and are not actively producing antibodies until re-activated.
How do you stain for Tfh cells? (AIM in Mouse)
x CD3+ CD4+ = T cells
x CD62L- CD44+ = Tef
x PD-1hi CXCR5+ = Tfh
x CD25/OX40/41BB/PDL1 = AIM
Function of CXCR5
CXCR5 is the receptor for CXCL13, which is secreted by cells in LNs and attracts both T and B cells which express CXCR5 to the GC.
CCR7 vs CXCR5
CCR7 takes T cells to the T cell zone of LN while CXCR5 takes them to the B cell zone.
Memory markers for subsets of memory T cells.
