Cells of the Blood Vessel Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What adhesion complexes play a role in cell-substratum and cell-cell adhesion?

A
  • Cell-substrate adhesion molecules - Integrins
  • Cell-cell adhesion molecules - cadherin, occludin
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2
Q

What are the effects of prostaglandins on the endothelium?

A
  • Relax smooth muscle
  • Inhibit platelet aggregation
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3
Q

What are the effects of NO on endothelium?

A
  • Inhbit platelet adhesion and aggregation
  • Relax vascular smooth muscle
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4
Q

What are endothelins and what are their effects? Example?

A

Family of potent vasoconstrictive proteins; Angiotensin II

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5
Q

What role do class II histocompatibility antigens play on endothelial cells? What adverse reaction are they part of?

A

May work with monocytes/lymphocytes in immune function; Organ rejection and graft arteriosclerosis

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6
Q

What is the relationship between smooth muscle cells and endothelium.

A
  • Help to control blood flow
  • SM synthesizes connective tissue matrix of vessel wall
  • Supply GFs, cytokines/chemokines
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7
Q

What cells are important for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A

Macrophages and lymphocytes

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8
Q

How can one differentiate betwixt an endothelial progenitor cell and a mature endothelial cell?

A
  • EPC - expresses CD133 but not endothelial cadherin or von Willebrand factor
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9
Q

What are endothelial progenitor cells?

A

Bone marrow-derived cells arising from perinatal hemangioblasts, and are present in adult BM and peripheral circulation

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10
Q

What can EPCs allow the body to do?

A

Vasculogenesis - differentation of angioblasts into endothelial cells that form a vascular network de novo

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11
Q

What is the relationship betwixt EPCs and various forms of vascular disease?

A

EPCs are decreased

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