Cells & Movement in & out - Structure of an Epithelial Cell

Question 1

Function of the nucleus

Answer 1

• act as control center of cell
• retain genetic material of the cell
• manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes

Question 2

Mitochondria structure

Answer 2

double membrane
- surrounds organelles
- outer membrane controls exit and entry of material
- inner membrane is cristae
cristae
- extensions of inner membrane
- large surface area for attachment of enzymes for respiration
matrix
- semi-rigid material contains protein, lipids & traces of DNA
- allows mitochondria to control own production of proteins

Question 3

RER

Answer 3

• ribosomes on surface
• provides large surface area for synthesis of proteins & glycoproteins
• pathway for transport of materials eg. proteins

Question 4

SER

Answer 4

• no ribosomes on surface

- synthesise, store & transport lipids & carbohydrates

Question 5

golgi apparatus function

Answer 5

• occurs in most eukaryotic cells
• stack of membranes, flattened sacs(cisternae)
• add carbs/forms glycoproteins
• transport, store & modify lipids
• forms lysosomes

Question 6

lysosomes

Answer 6

formed when GA produces vesicles produced contain enzymes eg. proteases & lipases

• break down cells after they die
• digest worn-out cells, useful chemicals re-used
• isolate, then release harmful enzymes to outside of cell or a phagocytic cell in order to destroy material around cell

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

• small, cytoplasmic granuels found in all cells
• occur in cytoplasm
• important for protein synthesis
  80S type - eukaryotic
  70S type - prokaryotic

Question 8

microvilli

Answer 8

• tiny finger-like projections from cell surface membrane of some animal cells
• increase surface area for more efficient absorption