Cells, Matrix, Ossification, Bone density, Bone Variation Flashcards
What are the four basic tissues of the human body?
Epithelial, muscle, neural, connective
What is the function of each bone type?
Osteoblasts: form bone
Osteocyte: maintain or nurture bone
Osteoclasts: remodel bone
What are the bone cells embedded in?
amphorae matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals
What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?
glycosaminoglycans
What types of glycosaminoglycans predominate in bone?
chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate and hyaluronic acid
What is the principal type of protein fiber?
collagen type 1
What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?
hydroxyapatite
Bone is also the respository for what additional ions?
sodium, magnesium, fluoride, lead, strontium, radium
What is wolff’s law as it pertains to bone?
living tissue will respond the stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to various stressors
What three responses of “living” bone were stressed in class?
has ability to heal, age, and remodel under stressors and to age
Bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissue?
Mesenchyme and or cartilage
What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?
intramembranous ossification
What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?
from the second to the third month in utero
What part of the axial skeleton is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?
the skull
Which of the skull bones are derived from intramembranous ossification?
nasal, palatine, vomer, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxilla, frontal, parietal, most of mandible, the squama of the temporal and occipital bones and the greater wing of the sphenoid
Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is particularly formed by intramembranous ossification?
clavicle
What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?
endochondral ossification
What is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?
second to fifth month in utero
What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?
chondrocranium (inferior nasal concha, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital)
Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
mandible, sphenoid, temporal, occipital
TOMS
Which bones of the appendicular skeletons formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
The clavicle
Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas based on bone density?
cortical or compact bone and spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone
What is the name given to the bone below an articulating surface?
subchondral bone
What is the name of the outer fiber-cellular covering of bone?
the periosteum
What is the name given to the fiber-cellular line of bone?
endosteum
What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?
sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic variation, geographical variation, idiosyncratic variation
