Cells Glossary Flashcards
Active site
A specific shaped part of an enzyme where the substrate fits
Active transport
The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high which requires energy.
Aerobic respiration
Respiration in the presence of oxygen
Anabolic enzyme
An enzyme that takes small molecules and joins them together
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration with limited oxygen
Catabolic enzyme
An enzyme which takes large molecules and breaks them up
Cell wall
Rigid layer of cells found only in plants
Chlorophyll
Pigment found in plants which gives the plant its green colour
Choroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Cristae
Part of mitochondria (the folds) where the electron transfer chain occurs
Denature
The changing in the shape of the active site of an enzyme, so the substrate can no longer fit - caused by high temperatures and incorrect pH
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Full name for DNA
Diffusion
The movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
DNA replication
The copying of DNA before the cell divides
Enzymes
Biological catalysts which speed up biochemical reactions in an organism
Facilitated diffusion
A form of passive transport where molecules move across the cell membrame through the membrane proteins
Flaccid
A cell that is limp and floppy
G1 of cell cycle
The stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and does its job.
G2 of cell cycle
The stage in the cell cycle where the replicated chromosomes are checked for mistakes.
Golgi body
Part of a cell where proteins are modified and packaged.
Grana
Part of chloroplast where the light stage occurs
Hypertonic solution
A solution with a high concentration of solute, therefore a low concentration of water.
