Cells, Dna, Mitoisis & Meiosis

Question 1

Nucleotide

Answer 1

A single building block composed of a

• phosphate group
• deoxyribose sugar
• nitrogenous base

Question 2

Nucleosome

Answer 2

DNA coils around histones ( proteins )

• DNA wraps around histones

Question 3

Double helix

Answer 3

Two polynucleotide chains aligned

Opposing orientation (anti parallelism )

Question 4

Karyotype

Answer 4

Chromosome chart (label on there size )
- displays chromosomes changed by size and structure
•homologous chromosome (means same)
• sex chromosomes
xy= male
xx = female
Down syndrome a cell division error

Question 5

How many hydrogen bonds does A& T have and G & C ???

Answer 5

A& T
2 bonds

G & C
3 bonds

Question 6

What are Pyrimidine & Purine bases ??

Answer 6

Pyrimidine T & C

Purine A & G

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Enzyme structures

Question 8

Lipids

Answer 8

Membranes, hormones, energy storage

Question 9

Nucleic acid

Answer 9

Store genetic information

Question 10

What do proteins allow to do ??

Answer 10

Hair & Nails 
Muscles 
Blood 
Brain & Nerves 
Enzymes 
( salvia in stomach help digest food ) 
Cellular construction workers 
- coping genes & cell division 
Antibodies 
- defending against foreign invaders

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

Energy & structure

Question 12

What does the 3’ and 5’ end of each strand designation refer to?

Answer 12

Location of the phosphate to carbon location w/ sugar molecules

Question 13

What type of bonds hold the nitrogen bases together ??

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Cell growth Interphase

Answer 14

G1= Gap for Growth 
       - Exit G0 
S= DNA synthesis 
        - 2 sister chromatids held by centromere 
G2= Phase

Question 15

How would you describe the end product of cell division ? How do these cells compare to the original (parent) cell ?

Answer 15

Daughter cells produced are genetical identical as the parent cells

Question 16

What structure holds the individual chromatids together?

Answer 16

Centromere

Question 17

What moves the chromatids during mitosis?

Answer 17

Spindle fibers

Question 18

What are the spindles attached to ?

Answer 18

Centrioles

Question 19

What does DNA contain ?

Answer 19

The instructions for making proteins

Question 20

What are the four basic types of cells ?

Answer 20

• epithelial (skin)
• muscle
• nerve
• connective ( blood, bone, fat)

Question 21

What are somatic cells?

Answer 21

• body cells

Diploid

Question 22

What are gametes ?

Answer 22

Sperm & egg cells

Haploid

Question 23

What does cell division associate with ?

Answer 23

• Interphase

- miotic phase

Question 24

What is the purpose of mitosis ?

Answer 24

Used for growth, repair, replacement

Question 25

What is the process of mitosis ?

Answer 25

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 26

What are the telomerase ?

Answer 26

• enzyme that prevents shortening

• found in sperm, eggs, bone marrow & cancer cells

Question 27

Mitosis and apoteosis work together during development ?

Answer 27

To form a functional body

Question 28

What is apoptosis ?

Answer 28

Cell Seth triggered by internal or external signals plays key role in growth development

Question 29

What happens during prophase in mitosis ?

Answer 29

• Chromosomes condense
• centrioles appear
• micro tubles form spindle
• Nuclear envelope & nucleolus break down

Question 30

What happens in metaphase in mitosis ?

Answer 30

• chromosomes line up on the cells equator

- spindle microtubules extend from centrioles to centromeres of chromosomes

Question 31

What happens in anaphase in mitosis ?

Answer 31

• chromatids separate and move to opposite ends

Question 32

What happens in telophase ?

Answer 32

• chromosomes uncoil
• spindle disassembles
• nuclear envelope reforms
• cytokinesis

Question 33

What is cytokinesis in mitosis ?

Answer 33

• cytoplasmic division

- organelles & macromolecules are distributed between the two daughter cells