Cells Division Flashcards
Prophase
Chromatin coils into visible chromosome, nuclear envelope disappears, and centrioles move toward the poles.
Interphase
The cell grows, centrioles replicate, and chromosomes duplicate.
Metaphase
Chromosomes meet in the middle and the spindle fibers attach to each chromatid at the centromere.
Anaphase
The centromeres split ( chromosomes split in half) and the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase
Cytoplasm divides ( cytokinesis), nuclear envelope appears, and the chromosomes uncoil.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm.
Daughter Cells
The result of mitosis and cell division.
Haploid
23 chromosomes (ex. sex cells)
Diploid
46 chromosomes 2(23). 1/2 from mom and 1/2 from dad. Every other cell in body.
Crossing Over
2 chromosomes (one from mom, one from dad) get really close because they are sticky and they trade parts with each other.
Mitosis
The second phase of cell division.
Meiosis
RNA makes chains of amino acids
Transcription
DNA makes the m RNA which leaves the nucleus with the codon.
Translation
The mRNA finds a ribosome and looks for the tRNA with the anticodon. The tRNA brings the amino acids which connect together as the anticodons continue to go down the mRNA
Gamete
It’s a haploid. They come from somatic cells.
Is a smaller cell or a bigger cell more efficient?
Usually a smaller cell because they can move around better.
Hen is DNA in chromatin form and when does it turn itself into chromosome form?
It is in chromatin form during interphase and turns into chromosomes at prophase.
G1
Duplicates cytoplasmic DNA
Synthesis
Duplicates the DNA
G2
Organizes and makes sure everything is good.
When does DNA synthesize?
In interphase (the S phase)
When does the cell grow?
In the G1 phase.
When does the cell divide?
The end of telophase in mitosis.
What is the difference in cell division between plants and animals?
Animal cell have cytokinesis but plant cells just build another cell wall.
Cyclins
The regulators of the cell cycle.
Cancer
The cell never dies and it grows out of control and doesn’t receive signals.
Tumor
A mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division.
Purines
A & G. They are bigger.
Pyrimidines
C & T. They are smaller.
How are nucleosomes, histones, chromosomes, and DNA molecule related?
They are all in or help to form the DNA strand (double helix).
Difference in the results of male/female meiosis
In females you have 3 polar bodies that aren’t used and one cell that is used. In males you use all the cells and are continually making them.
How are codon, anticodon, and amino acid related?
The codon is the code on the mRNA which matches the anticodons that carry the amino acids.
How are DNA and RNA similar and different?
DNA is the whole double helix and RNA is just one side of it.
3 types of RNA
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA
Purines in RNA
A & G
Pyrimidines in RNA
C & U
What chromosomes would be in a human egg cell? Sperm cell?
Egg- XX
Sperm-XY
What determines the rate at which waste is produced in cells?
Surface area and metabolism.
Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosomes that are the same (ex. tetrad)
Tetrads
4 chromosomes (the ones form mom and dad) that get copied.
