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Biology Topic 2 - Cells & Control > Cells & Control > Flashcards

Cells & Control Flashcards

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1
Q

23 chromosomes (haploid male sperm) + 23 chromosomes (haploid female egg) = ???

A

…= fertilisation

46 chromosomes (diploid)

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2
Q

Haploid?

A

Only one copy of each chromosome

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3
Q

Diploid?

A

Two copies of each chromosome

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4
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Fertilised egg cell

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5
Q

What is a cell cycle?

A

Sequence of growth & division to make new cells

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6
Q

Interphase is what?

A

Cell growth and DNA replication

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7
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division

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8
Q

Diploid daughter cells are…?

A

Genetically identical to each other & the parent cells

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9
Q

What are the mitosis stages?

A 
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
CYTOKINESIS
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10
Q

Cell differentiation?

A

A cell becomes specialised to perform a specific function

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11
Q

Mitosis forms two genetically identical daughter cells

A

.

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12
Q

Growth is caused by…?

A

Increase in cell number and increase in cell size

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13
Q

Meristem cells

A

Keeps plant growing

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14
Q

Guard cells ?

A

Opening & closing to the stomata, minimise water loss

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15
Q

Palisade cells?

A

Have chloroplasts inside them

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16
Q

Xylem vessels?

A

Transport water using long xylem tissue and cells

17
Q

Root hair cells?

A

Increases surface area with tiny hairs on the roots, can absorb more water this way.

18
Q

Stem cells - types?

A

Embryonic - animals
Adult - “

Meristem - plants

19
Q

Advantages of stem cells ?

A

Used in medicine

20
Q

Disadvantages of stem cells?

A

Cancer and rejection

21
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A
  • only found in embryos

- they can specialise to form any cell (totipotent)

22
Q

Adult stem cells

A
  • not just found in adults
  • means hey are only able to form a few cell types (pluripotent/multi potent)
  • found in foetuses and in born organisms too
23
Q

Meristem stem cells

A
  • Source of stem cells in plants
  • stem means they can make other cells not that they are in the stem of a plant
  • found in tips of the shoot and the root
24
Q

Benefits of stem cells

A

Long bones -
- bone marrow makes blood cells. Bone marrow cells are adult stem cells and so deities and specialise to form just blood cells

25
Q

Problems of stem cells

A

Ethics:
Should we use embryonic stem cells from unwanted fertilised eggs from IVF
Cancer:
If the embryonic stem cell,s develop incorrectly then the patient can get a tumor(s)
Rejection:
If the stem cells come from someone else then the body can destroy them

Biology Topic 2 - Cells & Control (1 decks)

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