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Biology Finals > Cells Chapt. D > Flashcards

Cells Chapt. D Flashcards

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1
Q

The unique chemical and physical properties of water

A

Allow for life on earth

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2
Q

Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses…

A

Differ in complexity and general structure

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3
Q

Fundamental plant and animal life processes depend on…

A

A variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas (organelles) of the organisms cells.

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4
Q

All living things …..

A

Are made up of cells

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5
Q

Cells are the….

A

Basic units of structure and function in living things

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6
Q

New cells

A

Are produced from existing cells

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7
Q

The three subatomic particles make up atoms?

A

Proton, neutron, electron

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8
Q

How are all the isotopes of an element similar?

A

They have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties

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9
Q

How are compounds different from their component elements?

A

The physical and chemical properties of compounds are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed

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10
Q

The two main types of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent and Lonic bonds

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11
Q

How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties?

A

Since it is a polar molecule, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of waters special properties

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12
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

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13
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between molecules of different substances

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14
Q

Heat capacity

A

The amount of heat energy required to increase a liquids temperature

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15
Q

How does waters polarity influence it’s properties as a solvent?

A

Waters polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules

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16
Q

Why is it important for cells to buffer solutions against rapid changes in pH?

A

Buffers dissolved in life’s fluids play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in organisms

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17
Q

Homeostasis

A

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

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18
Q

Water is a polar molecule

A

True

19
Q

Hydrogen bonds are examples of adhesion

A

True

20
Q

Covalent bonds give water a low heat capacity

A

False

21
Q

A hydrogen bind is stronger than a covalent bond

A

False

22
Q

Solvency and water

A

Water is considered a universal solvent for its ability to dissolve a wide range of substance since it is a polar molecule

23
Q

Relative density and water

A

S

24
Q

Relative density

A

Solid water is less dense that liquid water- meaning ice floats, providing a layer of insulation to the water below

25
Q

What elements does carbon bond with to make up life’s molecules?

A

Hydrogen ,nitrogen, oxygen , phosphoroud, sulfur, and carbon

26
Q

Carbon can bond with other carbons to form…

A

Chains or rings

27
Q

Carbon can form….

A

Single, double, or triple covalent bonds

28
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Main source of energy, used by plants animals ect, ect

29
Q

Lipids

A

Energy storage, important parts of biomembrane

30
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Store and transmit heredity and genetic information

31
Q

Proteins

A

Control reaction rates, and regulates cell processes, transport substances in or out

32
Q

What happens the chemical bonds during chemical reactions?

A

Chemical reactions rearrange the chemical bonds that join Atoms in compounds

33
Q

Why do chemical reactions occur?

A

Chemical reactions that release energy often occur and their own spontaneously Also chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source

34
Q

Energy is released or absorbed whenever the chemical bonds are….

A

Formed or broken during chemical reactions

35
Q

Energy changes are

A

One of the most important factors in determining whether a chemical reaction will occur

36
Q

All organisms need an energy source to….

A

Carry out the chemical reactions for life

37
Q

What do plants trap and store?

A

Plants trapped and store solar energy in energy rich compounds

38
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Energy needed to start a reaction

39
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

40
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another

41
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction

42
Q

Product

A

An element or compound produced by chemical reaction

43
Q

Reactant

A

An element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction

44
Q

What are the four types of energy?

A

Kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical

Biology Finals (3 decks)

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