Cells & Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things?
The cell
What is the smallest living thing in the human organism?
The cell
Cells are the fundamental building blocks of life.
What are all living structures in the human body made of?
Cells
Cells form the basis of all biological structures.
How many different types of cells are there in the human body?
Hundreds
Each type of cell has a specific function.
What varies among the different types of cells in the human body?
Shape
The variation in shape is linked to their specific functions.
What is the size of a small granular cell found in the brain?
4 ųm
This size indicates the diversity of cell sizes in the body.
What is the size of an oocyte in females?
100 ųm
The oocyte is significantly larger than many other cell types.
What is the term for the great toe?
Hallux
Hallux is commonly referred to as the big toe.
What does ‘Oculus’ refer to?
Eye (orbital or ocular)
Oculus relates to the eye or vision.
What is the meaning of ‘Bucca’?
Cheek (buccal)
Bucca refers to the cheek area.
What anatomical term refers to the ear?
Auris (otic)
Auris is the Latin term for the ear.
What is the Latin term for the nose?
Nasus (nasal)
Nasus relates to the nasal area.
What does ‘Cervicis’ refer to?
Neck (cervical)
Cervicis pertains to the cervical region.
What is the term for the chest?
Thorcis or thorax (thoracic)
Thorax is commonly used to describe the chest area.
What does ‘Mamma’ refer to?
Breast (mammary)
Mamma is the Latin term for the breast.
What is the anatomical term for the abdomen?
Abdomen (abdominal)
Abdomen refers to the area between the chest and pelvis.
What is the term for the navel?
Umbilicus (umbilical)
Umbilicus is commonly known as the belly button.
What does ‘Coxal’ refer to?
Hip
Coxal relates to the hip area.
What is the term for the pelvic area?
Pelvis (pelvic)
Pelvis refers to the structure at the base of the spine.
What does ‘Inguen’ or ‘grain’ refer to?
Inguinal
Inguen pertains to the groin area.
What is the anatomical term for the pubic region?
Rubis (pubic)
Rubis is related to the pubic area.
What does ‘Acromial’ refer to?
Shoulder
Acromial is the term for the shoulder region.
What is the term for the back?
Dorsum (dorsal)
Dorsum refers to the back surface of the body.
What does ‘Brachium’ refer to?
Arm (brachial)
Brachium is the Latin term for the arm.
What is the term for the back of the elbow?
Olecranon (olecranal)
Olecranon refers specifically to the bony prominence of the elbow.
What does ‘Lumbus’ refer to?
Loin (lumbar)
Lumbus pertains to the lower back area.
What is the anatomical term for the sacrum?
Sacrum (sacral)
Sacrum is a triangular bone at the base of the spine.
What does ‘Antebrachium’ refer to?
Forearm (antebrachial)
Antebrachium pertains to the forearm area.
What is the Latin term for the hand?
Manus (manual)
Manus relates to the hand.
What does ‘Gluteus’ refer to?
Buttock (gluteal)
Gluteus pertains to the gluteal region.
What is the term for the thigh?
Femur (femoral)
Femur is the long bone in the thigh.
What does ‘Popliteus’ refer to?
Back of knee (popliteal)
Popliteus is the area behind the knee.
What is the term for the calf?
Sura (sural)
Sura refers to the back portion of the lower leg.
What does ‘Calcaneus’ refer to?
Heel of foot (calcaneal)
Calcaneus is the bone that forms the heel.
What is the term for the sole of the foot?
Planta (plantar)
Planta refers to the underside of the foot.
Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis
These organelles serve as a supporting framework
Microtubules
These tiny particles are the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Similar in appearance to the endoplasmic reticulum. Serves to process and concentrate the cell’s secretory products
Golgi Apparatus
Cellular organelles sit in this jelly-like substance
Cytoplasm
Cylindrical organelles involved in cell division
Centrioles
Process of moving substances over the cell membrane that might not otherwise pass
Active Transport
Organelles released by the Golgi Apparatus that contain digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
Membranous network of sac-like channels in the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Outermost layer of animal cell. Semi-permeable
Cell membrane
Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration
Diffusion
Cell division
Mitosis
Control center of the cell
Nucleus
Structures in the nucleus that carry genes
Chromosomes
The cell’s powerhouses
Mitochondria
Tiny, moving, hair-like projections in the cell membrane
Cilia
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
What does ‘Frons’ refer to in anatomical terms?
Forehead (frontal)
‘Frons’ is the Latin term for the forehead region.
What is the anatomical term for the skull?
Cranium (cranial)
The cranium houses and protects the brain.
What does ‘Facies’ mean?
Face (facial)
‘Facies’ is used to describe the front part of the head.
The term ‘Oris’ refers to which part of the body?
Mouth (oral)
‘Oris’ is the Latin origin for oral structures.
What does ‘Mentis’ mean in anatomy?
Chin (mental)
‘Mentis’ is derived from the Latin word for the chin.
What is the anatomical term for the armpit?
Asilla (axillary)
‘Asilla’ refers to the area under the arm.
What does ‘Brachium’ refer to?
Arm (brachial)
‘Brachium’ is used in anatomical terms for the upper limb.
The front of the elbow is referred to as what?
Antecubitis (antecubital)
This term is commonly used in the context of venipuncture.
What is the anatomical term for the forearm?
Antebrachum (antebrachial)
The forearm connects the elbow to the wrist.
What does ‘Carpus’ refer to?
Wrist (carpal)
‘Carpus’ describes the wrist joint and bones.
What is the term for the thumb?
Pollex
‘Pollex’ is the Latin term specifically for the thumb.
What does ‘Palma’ mean in anatomical terms?
Palm (palmar)
‘Palma’ refers to the inner surface of the hand.
Fill in the blank: ‘Digits (phalanges)’ refer to _______.
Fingers (digital or phalangeal)
This term encompasses all finger bones.
What is the anatomical term for the kneecap?
Patella (patellar)
The patella protects the knee joint.
What does ‘Crus’ refer to?
Leg (crural)
‘Crus’ is used to denote the lower limb.
What is the anatomical term for the ankle?
Tarsus (tarsal)
The tarsus consists of the seven bones that make up the ankle.
Fill in the blank: ‘Digits (phalanges)’ also refer to _______.
Toes (digital or phalangeal)
This term includes all toe bones.
What are the two branches of a larger science called biology?
Anatomy and physiology
encompasses various fields of study related to life and living organisms.
Biology
What is biology?
The study of all forms of life.
What is anatomy?
Anatomy is the study of the structure of an organism
Anatomy includes the study of shape and structure of the body and the relationship of body parts to one another.
What does the word anatomy derive from?
The word anatomy comes from the Greek ‘ana’, meaning ‘apart,’ and ‘temuein,’ meaning ‘to cut’
This etymology highlights the significance of dissection in the study of anatomy.
What is physiology?
Physiology is the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
Physiology examines how various body parts function and coordinate to form a complete living organism.
What does physiology study?
Physiology studies the function of each body part and the coordination of functions among body parts
This study helps in understanding how an organism operates as a whole.
What is considered a disease?
Any abnormal change in a structure or function that produces symptoms is considered a disease
This definition emphasizes the relationship between structure, function, and health.
Fill in the blank: Anatomy studies the _______ and structure of an organism’s body.
[shape]
True or False: Anatomy and physiology are unrelated fields of study.
False
Anatomy and physiology are closely related as the structure of body parts directly influences their functions.
