Cells Biology

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Complex and include all animal and plant cells

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Smaller and simpler cells e.g bacteria

Question 3

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 3

Contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell.

Question 4

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

Where most of the chemical reactions take place.

Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.

Question 5

What’s the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of it.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Where proteins are made in the cell.

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

Supports and strengthens plant cell

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Contains cell sap, weak solution of sugar and salts.

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis occurs.

contains a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 11

5 subcellular structures that both plants and animals have.

Answer 11

Cell membrane, nucleus, Ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 12

3 things plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 12

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast

Question 13

Where is the genetic material found in animal cells and Bacteria cells?

Answer 13

Animal cells: Nucleus

Bacteria cells in the closed-circles of DNA called plasmids.

Question 14

What type of organisms are bacteria?

Prokaryote or Eukaryote

Answer 14

Prokaryotic

Question 15

what is cell differentiation?

Answer 15

Cell changes to become specialized for its job. As they develop subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells which allows them to carry out functions.

Question 16

Give 3 ways a sperm cell is adapted for swimming to the egg cell?

Answer 16

Head: contains enzymes so that sperm can penetrate an egg.
Middle piece: packed with mitochondria to release the energy needed to swim.
The tail: enables the sperm to swim.

Question 17

What are chromosomes?

Answer 17

a chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes.

Question 18

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 18

Prophase—>metophase—->anophase —>telophase = cell division.

Question 19

What is mitosis used for multicellular organisms?

Answer 19

mitosis helps in growth and repair by producing more number of identical cells.

Question 20

2 ways embryonic stem cells can be used to cure disease.

Answer 20

1. Produce insulin that could treat people with diabetes or cartilage to repair damage caused by arthritis.
2. Produce insulin that could treat people with diabetes or cartilage to repair damage caused by arthritis.

Question 21

Why might some people be against the use of stem cells?

Answer 21

Ethical beliefs:

Human embryos shouldn’t be used for experiments since each one is a potential human life.

Question 22

What is diffusion?

Answer 22

Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 23

3 substances that can diffuse through cell membranes.

And 2 that can’t.

Answer 23

Can: Water, Carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Can’t: Glucose and phospholipid

Question 24

What type of molecules moves by osmosis?

Answer 24

Water molecules, from high to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 25

2 main differences between active transport and diffusion.

Answer 25

diffusion—> high to low.

Active transport—> low to high.

Question 26

3 adaptations of exchange surfaces that increase the efficiency of diffusion.

Answer 26

• Thin barriers to minimize the diffusion distance.
• A high concentration gradient to the substance.
• A large surface area.

Question 27

2 ways the villi in the small intestine is adapted for absorbing digested food.

Answer 27

Provides a large surface area with an extensive network of blood capillaries

Question 28

explain how leaves are adapted to maximize the amount of carbon dioxide that gets to their cells.

Answer 28

Large surface area, and contain openings, called stomata to allow carbon dioxide into the leaf and oxygen out.