Cells Biology Flashcards
Learn cards before 26/12/20
What are eukaryotic cells?
Complex and include all animal and plant cells
What are prokaryotic cells?
Smaller and simpler cells e.g bacteria
What is the function of a nucleus?
Contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where most of the chemical reactions take place.
Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
What’s the function of the cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of it.
Mitochondria
Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
Ribosomes
Where proteins are made in the cell.
Cell wall
Supports and strengthens plant cell
Vacuole
Contains cell sap, weak solution of sugar and salts.
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs.
contains a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis.
5 subcellular structures that both plants and animals have.
Cell membrane, nucleus, Ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm
3 things plant cells have that animal cells don’t
Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast
Where is the genetic material found in animal cells and Bacteria cells?
Animal cells: Nucleus
Bacteria cells in the closed-circles of DNA called plasmids.
What type of organisms are bacteria?
Prokaryote or Eukaryote
Prokaryotic
what is cell differentiation?
Cell changes to become specialized for its job. As they develop subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells which allows them to carry out functions.
Give 3 ways a sperm cell is adapted for swimming to the egg cell?
Head: contains enzymes so that sperm can penetrate an egg.
Middle piece: packed with mitochondria to release the energy needed to swim.
The tail: enables the sperm to swim.
What are chromosomes?
a chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes.
What is the cell cycle?
Prophase—>metophase—->anophase —>telophase = cell division.
What is mitosis used for multicellular organisms?
mitosis helps in growth and repair by producing more number of identical cells.
2 ways embryonic stem cells can be used to cure disease.
- Produce insulin that could treat people with diabetes or cartilage to repair damage caused by arthritis.
- Produce insulin that could treat people with diabetes or cartilage to repair damage caused by arthritis.
Why might some people be against the use of stem cells?
Ethical beliefs:
Human embryos shouldn’t be used for experiments since each one is a potential human life.
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
3 substances that can diffuse through cell membranes.
And 2 that can’t.
Can: Water, Carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Can’t: Glucose and phospholipid
What type of molecules moves by osmosis?
Water molecules, from high to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
