Cells as the basis of life (Unit 1 - Topic 1)

Question 1

prokaryotic

Answer 1

= an organism with a simple cellular structure lacking most organelles
= members of the kingdom Monera (bacteria and cyanobacteria)

Question 2

eukaryotic

Answer 2

= an organism composed of one or more cells that contain distinct membrane bound nuclei and many organelles
= includes protists, fungi, plants and animals

Question 3

cell membrane

plasma membrane

Answer 3

= a phospholipid double layer that encloses the contents of a cell and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

= passive movement of a solute from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

= passive diffusion of free water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution in which there are more free water molecules (a dilute solution) to a solution in which there are fewer free water molecules (a concentrated solution)

Question 6

active transport

Answer 6

= movement of substances across membranes that requires the expenditure of energy
= occurs through selective protein channels

Question 7

photosynthesis

Answer 7

= a cellular process in which light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and used to combine carbon dioxide and water to make glucose

Question 8

light-dependent stage (of photosynthesis)

Answer 8

= involves splitting water and producing ATP

Question 9

light-independent stage (of photosynthesis)

Answer 9

= involves the combination of hydrogen and carbon dioxide to make glucose using the ATP produced in the light stage