Cells as the basis of life Flashcards
what is a prokaryotic cell
lacks a nucleus and other organelles
what is a eukaryotic cells
possesses a clearly defined nucleus
prokaryotic cell structure
lack internal membrane bound organelles, do not have a nucleus, are significantly smaller than eukaryotes, usually have a single circular chromosome and exist as single cells
what are the basic building blocks fir organic cell chemicals
carbs, proteins and lipids
what are organelles
a sub-cellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell
basic building blocks of organic cell chemicals
carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
basic building blocks of inorganic cell chemicals
oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, ions and minerals
enzymes are p________
proteins
what are biochemical processes controlled and regulated by?
by a series of specific enzymes
enzymes active site structure
a pocket or groove on its surface where a substrate/reactant is introduced
enzymes active site role
bind other small molecules that participate in catalysis
factors that can affect enzymes rate of reaction
temperature, pH, presence of inhibitors, and the concentrations of reactants and products
what are the basic building blocks for inorganic cell chemicals
oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, ions and minerals
enzymes are p_____
proteins
what are biochemical processes controlled an regulated by?
specific enzymes
what is the structure of the enzymes active site
a pocket or groove on its surface where a substrate, or reactant, is introduced
what is the role of the enzyme active site
bind other small molecules that participate in catalysis
what effects enzyme take of reaction
temperature, pH, presence of inhibitors and concentration of reactants and products
How is the size of the cell limited by the relationship between surface area to volume ratio and rate of diffusion?
as a cell’s volume increases, its surface area does not increase at the same rate, making efficient diffusion across the cell membrane less efficient, requiring larger cells to divide to maintain function.
