Cells as the Basis of Life Flashcards

Question

Hypotonic

Answer 1

Solution contains lower concentration than the cell Movement will be into cells

Answer 2

Solution contains higher concentration than the cell Movement will be out of cells

Answer 3

Equal concentration of solution and cell Movement will be equal in both directions

Answer 4

Requires energy Generally against a concentration gradient

Answer 5

Doesn't require energy Generally with a concentration gradient

Answer 6

Required for large molecules and charged particles Require carrier proteins and channel proteins

Answer 7

The process which large particles are moved into the cell using help of the cell membrane

Answer 8

Particle engulfed by membrane and material is digested

Answer 9

Membrane engulfs liquid containing dissolved molecules

Answer 10

Pinocytosis that is initiated by protein receptors on cell membrane

Answer 11

The process which substances, such as antibodies, neurotransmitters and enzymes that have important functions elsewhere and waste products in the organ need to be removed Removal of substance

Answer 12

Ability to allow the cell to exchange liquids and materials between the cell's internal and external environment Critical to it's function and survival Selective (semipermeability)

Answer 13

Size of molecule - glucose and amino acids are large, requiring facilitated diffusion Concentration gradient - relative concentration of solutes affect the speed at which diffusion occurs Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) - smaller the cell, larger the SA:V, substances reach centre of cell faster than one with a small SA:V

Answer 14

Photosynthesis for photoautotrophs Break down of glucose as a source of energy to drive cellular respiration Aerobic or anaerobic respiration

Answer 15

Many bacteria carry out anaerobic respiration Breaks down glucose to form ethanol and carbon diocide, producing ATP

Answer 16

When an organism can't produce enough energy through aerobic respiration During strenuous/continued exercise when not enough energy is delivered to muscles One molecule of glucose is broken down in the absebce of oxygen, produces two molecules of lactic acid, and two ATP

Answer 17

Oxygen present Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

Answer 18

Protein molecules Controls metabolic reactions in living cells Catalysts, control rate of chemical reaction occurring in cells Composed of protein molecules Active site where reactants (substrates) in a chemical bind to

Answer 19

Lock and Key Induced Fit

Answer 20

Temperature - too hot, changes the shape of the active site, denatures the enzyme, too cold, function slows down or stops pH - outside the range denatures the enzyme, altering shape of the active site Substrate concentration - speed of activity, more substrate, takes longer to react as there are less available enzymes Enzyme concentration

Answer 21

Carbon attached to hydrogen in molecule carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Answer 22

Carbon (if present) not attached to hydrogen water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, minerals

Answer 23

Create their own food (e.g. photosynthesis)

Answer 24

Consume other organisms for food

Answer 25

Process in which plants utilise light energy, trap it in chlorophyll inside chloroplast and create glucose for fuel Carbon Dioxide + Water -(light energy and chlorophyll)-> Glucose + Oxygen

Answer 26

Chlorophyll captures solar energy, uses it to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Photolysis occurs, water is split to hydrogen ions and oxygen gas Water -(Light Energy + Chlorophyll)-> Hydrogen Ions + Oxygen + ATP

Answer 27

"Dark Reactions" Produce glucose, water, ADP (adenosine diphosphate) Hydrogen Ions + ATP + Carbon Dioxide -> Glucose + Water + ADP Uses energy from stage 1 to form glucose