Cells are the basis of life Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are less complex with no true nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Organisms within the domain bacteria and archaea have a single prokaryotic cell.
What are found in plant cells but not animal cells
- Cell walls
- Single vacuole
- Chloroplast
What are Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organ found in organisms such as animals, plants, fungi and protozoa.
Are prokaryotic cells multicellular or unicellular?
Prokaryotic cells are unicellular. Most eukaryotic cells are multicellular.
What are the three domains in which all life is classified?
Bacteria, Eukaryotic and Archaea
What feature does all life on earth share?
Cells
What do animal cells require to survive?
Oxygen
Water
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
What do plants need to survive?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Minerals
Plants make their own carbohydrates during photosynthesis
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy. Carbon dioxide and water are also produced. The cells of eukaryotic organisms typically undergo cellular respiration.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a process which occurs in green plants. Carbon dioxide and water are combined in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to produce energy-rich glucose. Oxygen and water are also produced.
What are some similarities between plant and animal cells?
Plant and animal cells contain many similar organelles, eg. nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane. They are also both types of Eukaryotic cells.
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells are surrounded by cellulose cell wall, they contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and have a rigid form due to the cell walls. Animal cells have no cell wall present, do not contain chloroplasts and have a relatively flexible form.
What is the fluid structure of a cell membrane called?
Fluid mosaic
What is the job of the phospholipids in a cell membrane?
It contains protein, cholesterol and carbohydrates. The phospholipids also make the cell impermeable to water-soluble molecules.
What was the first type of microscope invented?
The light microscope
What is magnification?
The ratio of enlargement of an image.
What is resolution?
The ability of the lens to show the fine details of the specimen viewed.
What is field of view (FOV)?
The area visible when looking through the microscope and can be used to calculate the size of the cell.
What are the types of electron microscopes?
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of liquids and gases along a concentrated gradient from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration.
What are the types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
What is simple diffusion?
It involves solutes that the membrane is permeable to, including lipid-soluble substances, small molecules and water, being diffused through the cell membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion through selective channels in the membranes that permit or increase the passive movement of particular ions and molecules down their own concerntrated gradient. It generally occurs at a more rapid rate than simple diffusion.
