Cells AOL Review Flashcards
Scientist who discovered all living things are made of cells
Matthias Schleidon
Scientist who discovered cells are basic units of structure and functions in an organism
Theodore Schwann
Scientist who discovered new cells come from existing cells
Rudolf Virchow
The 4 basic features in ALL cells
- Plasma membrane
- cytoplasm
- genetic material
- ribosomes
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
False
How big is a prokaryotic cell?
1-5 µm in diameter
What is a true nucleus?
when DNA is in a membrane bound nucleus
Why do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells don’t?
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. This means that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane
How big is a Eukaryotic cell
10-100 µm in diameter
Name an example of an organism that is made of eukaryotic cells
animals, humans, plants, protists, etc.
what are the two other names for cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer & Plasma membrane
What does a cell membrane do?
cover cell’s surface and act as barrier between inside of cell and environment
In what cells are cell membranes found?
All cells
Cell membranes are selectively permeable meaning they allows specific things to cross membrane. What kind of thing would a cell membrane NOT let in?
diffusion of highly charged molecules, such as ions, and large molecules, such as sugars and amino acids.
Cell membranes are selectively permeable meaning they allows specific things to cross membrane. What kind of thing WOULD a cell membrane let in?
Small polar molecules, such as water and ethanol
True or false: Phospholipids make up majority of the cell membrane
True
What role do proteins play in the cell membrane?
They help transport substances in and out of the cell
What part of the cell membrane help cells identify each other?
Carbohydrates
What part of cell is responsible for cell movement, shape, and division?
Cytoskeleton
Name the 4 parts in the cytoskeleton.
cilia, flagella, pseudopod, and centrioles
hair-like structures projecting from a cell that help the cell move
Cilia
tail-like structures projecting from a cell that help the cell move
Flagella
“fake foot” for movement and ingestion
pseudopod
True or false: centrioles are found ONLY in animal cells
True
Eukaryotic cells go through a process called cell division using the centrioles, however, since centrioles are only in eukaryotic cells how do prokaryotic cells divide?
Binary fission
Includes cytosol (gel-like fluid that fills the cell), cytoskeleton, and organelles
Cytoplasm
- Contains DNA/genetic information
- Controls cells activities
- Found only in eukaryotic cells
What am I?
Nucleus
Ribosomes make proteins and can be free floating or stick to the ER. Why would the ribosomes attach to the ER?
Proteins are assembled at organelles called ribosomes. When proteins are destined to be part of the cell membrane or exported from the cell, the ribosomes attaching them to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Smooth or rough ER?
-Lacks ribosomes
-Produces lipids & ships them to the golgi apparatus
-Breaks down toxic substances
Smooth
Smooth or rough ER?
-Contains ribosomes
-Produces proteins and ships them to golgi apparatus
Rough
What cells is golgi apparatus found?
All eukaryotic cells
-Receives proteins and lipids from the ER
-Packages and distributes proteins and lipids throughout the cell
Golgi Apparatus
A vacuole is a membrane bound space used for temporary storage of materials such as ions, nutrients, water, waste; although vacuoles are found in both plants and animals, why do plants tend to have the bigger vacuole?
Plants need to store food and water, and having a larger vacuole helps plants stay upright. This is because the plants don’t possess the ability to move freely like that of animals.
Membrane bound pouches that contain enzymes to break down waste, food, and invaders
Lysosomes
True or false: Lysosomes can be found in prokaryotic cells
False. Prokaryotic cells do not contain any membrane bound organelles
-Found in plants and some protists
-Use light energy to make glucose during the process of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
A rigid structure outside the cell membrane that provides additional support and protection
Cell wall
Which of the following parts of cell manages support, adhesion, movement, regulation
Extracellular Matrix
-Lysosomes
-Centrioles
-Cilia
-Flagella
Are structures only found in _____ cells.
Animal
-Cell wall
-Chloroplast
-Large central vacuole
Are structures only found in _____ cells.
Plant
