cells and transport Flashcards
cells
the basic unit of life
cell membrane
the organelle that allows material to enter and exit the cells. found in all cells.
cytoplasm
the filling of a cell
nucleus
the organelle that contains genetic material
mitochondria
the organelle responsible for making the cells energy
vacuole
the organelle that holds water and other materials. larger in plant cells.
ribosomes
the organelle that produces proteins in the cell
cholorplast
the organelle that produces sugar using sunlight in autotrophs(plants)
cell wall
an organelle that protects plant cells
unicellular
organisms is composed of only one cell and is microscopic
multicellular
organism is composed o many specialized cells
-karyo
the Greek root which means nucleus
prokaryotic
cells that have no nucleus or specialized organelles(besides or ribosomes), like bacteria
eukaryotic
cells that have a nucleus and many organelles, like plant and animal cells
flagellum(plural flagella)
a long, whip like tail which some cells use to move
cilia
short, hair like projections that some cells use to move
pseudopod
a “fake foot” made of cytoplasm, which can be used to move or engulf food
structure
the way something looks or the organelles that it processes
function
the way something works or the job it does
specialized
a cell that has a specific structure and function in a multi-cellular organism
DNA
the molecule that carries genes stored in the nucleus, used to produce proteins and code for traits
osmosis
passive diffusion of water
diffusion
molecules moving with their concentration gradient
active transport
molecules being pumped against their concentration gradient
endocytosis
cell consuming something and engulfing it with plasma membrane
exocytosis
cell releasing something by fusing a vesicle with plasma membrane
vesicle
membrane sac that carries materials around cell
golgi apparatus
packages proteins
smooth er
detoxifies produces lipids
rough er
contains ribosomes to make proteins
lysosomes
contains enzymes that break down food and old cell parts
muscle cells
would contain many mitochondria
liver cell
would contain a lot of smooth er
intergral protein
protein embeded in the cell membrane, usually a channel protein
cholesterol
keeps the fluidity of the membrane stable
semi-permeable
only somethings can enter and exit the cell
glycoprotein
used for cells to recognize each other
hypertonic
higher concentration of solute in solutions
isotonic
same concentration of solute in the solutions
hypotonic
lower concentration of solute in the solution
lyse
cell bursts
plasmolyze
plant cell cytoplasm shrinks away from cell wall
what is the ideal solution for plants
hypotonic
what is the ideal solution for animals
isontonic
passive
does not require energy
nucleous
produces ribosomes
bacteria
prokaryotic
what are pants, animals, fungi, and protists
eukaryotic
chloroplast
only in some plants, does photosynthesis
small, nonpolar molecules
can do diffusion through the membrane
larger, polar or charged molecules
do facilitated diffusion using a protein
facilitated diffsuion
passive transport using a channel protein
stem cell
an undifferentiated unspecialized cell
chemical sign
activities and in activities certain genes to create specialized cells
genome
all the DNA in one cell of an organsim
collects sunlight which it converts to sugars
chloroplast
transportation network for the cell, moves material around in the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
the spreading of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration
diffusion
anisotonic solution has a _ concentration of solute than inside the cell
equal
where s the DNA found in a prokaryotic cell
floating around in the cytoplasm
if you look at a red blood cell under a microscope and saw the cells explode, what happened?
the cells were placed in a hypotonic solution
controls what enters/ leaves the cell
cell membrane
if a cell containing 5% salt is placed into a glass of water with 20% salt the water is_ compared to the cell
hypertonic
ideally your cells should be in a _ solution
isotonic
