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IAHI Block 1 > Cells and Tissues of the Immune System > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Immunogen

A

An antigen that induces an immune response

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2
Q

Antigen

A

A molecule that binds to (is recognized by) antibody or T cells

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3
Q

Increased Immunogenicity vs Decreased Immunogenicity

A
  • Large vs. Small (MW Intraperitoneal > Intravenous or Intragastric
  • Multiple differences vs. Few differences
  • Slow release vs. Rapid release
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4
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Receiving preformed antibody
Rapid protection
Short Duration (T1/2 for about 3 wks)

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5
Q

Active Immunity

A

Exposure to a foreign antigen
Slow Protection
Long Duration - memory lymphocytes

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6
Q

Innate Receptors

A

Pattern-Recognition Receptors

  • Toll like receptors, Nod-like receptors
  • Limited diversity, non clonal expression
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7
Q

Adaptive Receptors

A

Antigen Receptors

  • T-Cell receptor
  • B-Cell receptor
  • Somatic recombination leads to great diversity
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8
Q

Adaptive Memory

A

Clones of lymphocytes remain in the body and will recognize and respond to antigen more rapidly than the first, initiating exposure event

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9
Q

Pros and Cons of T-Cell (cellular) response

A

Pros: Strong, life-long immunity
Cons: May revert to virulent form

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10
Q

Pros and Cons of B-Cell (humoral) response

A

Pros: Stable and safer than Live (attenuated vaccine)
Cons: Weaker immunity - requires booster vaccine

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11
Q

Live Attenuated Vaccine

A

Micro-organism is modified to decrease pathogenicity, limited growth after injection
Mainly induces T-Cells

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12
Q

Inactivated Vaccine

A

Pathogen is inactivated but retains an immunologic epitope on surface
Mainly induces B-Cells

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13
Q

WBC (4.0 - 10.0^3/μL) Differential

A 
Neutrophils: 34-71%
Lymph: 19-53%
Mono: 5-12%
Eos: 0-7%
Baso: 0-1%
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14
Q

Cells of the innate immune system

A

Phagocytes:

  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages

Granulocytes:

  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Mast Cells
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15
Q

Cells Linking the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

A

Dendritic Cells

NK cells

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16
Q

Cells of the adaptive immune system

A

Lymphocytes

17
Q

Monocyte/Macrophage

A

Circulate and enter tissue and differentiate into tissue macrophage, present in all tissues of the body

18
Q

Neutrophils morphology

A

Polymorphonuclear cells

19
Q

Eisonophils

A

Motile phagocyte important in parasite infection and allergy - granules contain heparin, hydrolytic enzymes

20
Q

Basophils

A

Non-phagocytic, circulate in blood - Release pharmacologically active immune mediators

21
Q

Mast Cells

A

From bone marrow and emigrate/ differentiate in tissue - Granules contain heparin and histamine
Important in allergic responses

22
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

Derived from the same bone marrow progenitor as monocytes and migrate and reside in tissues near site of microbe entry
- Primary function is as an Antigen Presenting Cell

23
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

Large Granular lymphocytes which recognize foreign cells of many different antigenic types
Active without prior exposure to antigen
Active independent of antigen presentation
Specialize in killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells

24
Q

Primary (Generative) Lymphoid Tissues

A

Bone Marrow: hematopoietic progenitors, lymphocyte development

Thymus: Development and maturation of T lymphocytes

25
Q

Secondary (Peripheral) lymphoid tissues

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Mucosal or Skin-Associated lymphatic tissues (Peyer’s patches)

26
Q

Process of Antigen/Microbe Exposure

A

Pathogen gains entry into body through epithelium and then into the Dendritic cells
Dendritic cell changes which allows it to leave periphery of skin and move into a lymph node

27
Q

Peripheral Immune Tissues (Location of B and T Cells)

A

T Cell Zone = Periarterioolar lymphoid sheath in Central arteriole

B Cell Zone = Follicles in Marginal zone

28
Q

Peyer’s Patch

A

Specialized Collections of lymphatic tissue in the ileum

IAHI Block 1 (16 decks)

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