Cells And Tissues

Question 1

What are the 11 systems of the human body?

Answer 1

Integumentary, muscular, skeletal, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic and immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive (male and female)

Question 2

What 2 systems does the pancreas belong to?

Answer 2

Digestive and endorcrine systems

Question 3

Epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts (on surface), forms the glands of the body, can be arranged in sheets, single or multiple layers

Question 4

5 different cell junctions

Answer 4

tight junctions, adherens junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

Question 5

4 junctions that are part of lateral junctions

Answer 5

tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions, adherens junctions

Question 6

Junctional complex

Answer 6

combination of tight junction, adherens junction and desmosome

Question 7

Functions of basement membrane

Answer 7

supports the overlying epithelium, acts as a physical barrier, provides a surface along which epithelial cells migrate during growth and wound healing

Question 8

Arrangement of cells in epithelia

Answer 8

simple (single layer in BM), stratified (two or more layers), pseudostratified (appears to have multiple layers but only has one)

Question 9

Shape of the cells in epithelia

Answer 9

squamous (flat and thin), cuboidal (as tall as they are wide), columnar (more tall than wide), transitional (cells can change shape from cuboidal to flat depending on organ shape)

Question 10

Mesothelium

Answer 10

a thin layer of squamous epithelium cells at the top covering the serous membranes of the adult

Question 11

Muscular tissue

Answer 11

composed of cells specialized for contraction and generation of force, also generates heat that warms the body

Question 12

Nervous tissue

Answer 12

detects change in a variety of conditions inside and out of the body and responds by generating nerve impulses (electrical signals) that activate muscular contractions and glandular secretion

Question 13

Connective tissue

Answer 13

protects and supports the body and its organs. Various types of CT bind organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, helps provide the body with immunity to disease-causing organisms

Question 14

Metabolism

Answer 14

the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. there are two phases; catabolism, anabolism

Question 15

Catabolism

Answer 15

breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

Question 16

Anabolism

Answer 16

building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

Question 17

Connective tissue (material that epithelium sits on)

Answer 17

binds, supports and strengthens other body tissues, is a major transport system of the body, a major site of stored energy reserves

Question 18

What is ECM (extracellular matrix) composed of?

Answer 18

ground substance, 3 different types of protein fibres

Question 19

What is ground substance composed of?

Answer 19

water, proteins (collagen), polysaccharides (sugars)

Question 20

What are proteoglycans composed of?

Answer 20

Protein + Glycosaminoglycan

Question 21

What are the other names for polysaccharides (sugar)?

Answer 21

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS), mucopolysaccharides

Question 22

Sulphated GAGS examples

Answer 22

dermatan, heparan, keratan, chondroitin sulphate which all bind to proteins to form proteoglycans