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T-level: Core Science Component > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the adaptation of the sperm cell?

A

Organelles

Acrosome in head has digestive enzymes (break down egg)
Mid-piece packed with mitochondria to release energy for movement

Movement
Tail rotates so it can swim

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2
Q

What are the adaptations of the root hair cell?

A

Increased surface area (uptake of H20 is greater)
Thinner walls = shorter diffusion pathway

Organelle
Mitochondria = active transport for mineral ions
Permanent vacuole = water potential is maintained

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3
Q

When do eukaryotes get specialised?

A

In multicelluar organisms via differentiaiton

Eukaryotes have become specialised to specific functions

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4
Q

What is the adaption for the muscle cells?

A

Organelles
High density of mitochondria = provide energy for contraction

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5
Q

What is the adaptation of the red blood cell?

A

Biconcave shape
No nucleus
= more space so more 02 can be transported

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6
Q

What is an Animal Cell made of?

A

Organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes) – all have membrane except the ribosomes

Cytoplasm (site of chemical reaction)

Cell Membrane (holds cell contents together, controls what enters/leaves cell, cell signalling)

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7
Q

What two things can change with adaptation to a eukaryotic cell?

A

The shape of the cell and organelles

The organelles

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8
Q

Instead of a single membrane, the mitochondria is what?

A

Double membrane organelle

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9
Q

What is the cell surface membrane made out of?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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10
Q

What does the cristae in the mitochondria provide?

A

A high surface area

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11
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

The site of photosynthesis

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12
Q

What are the functions of the nucleus?

A

Site of DNA replication and transcription

Contains the genetic code for a single cell

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13
Q

Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Folded membranes
Fluid filled
RER AND SER

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14
Q

Function of the RER

A

Synthesize and transport proteins throughout the cell

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15
Q

Function of the SER

A

Synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates

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16
Q

What is the difference between the RER and SER?

A

RER has ribsomes on surfaces

SER has NO ribsomes

17
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Modify and package proteins
Packages into vesicles for transport
Digestive enzymes are placed into lysosomes

18
Q

What is the function of the ribsomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

19
Q

Name all the organelles in a Eukaryotic Cell?

A 
Cell surface membrane 
Nucleues 
Mitochondria 
Chlorplasts 
Golgi apparatus 
Lysosomes 
Ribosomes 
RER
SER
Cell wall 
Cell Vacoule
20
Q

What is a plant cell made of?

A

Organelles w/ chloroplasts + vacuole
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall

21
Q

What is the structure of the chloroplast?

A 
Double membrane 
Contains thylakoids
22
Q

What is the role of the permanent vacuole?

A

Providing support = turgid
Stores sugars + amino acids
Pigments help attract pollinators

23
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Provides stability

Prevents the bursting of the cell from osmosis pressure of water

24
Q

What three things have a cell wall?

A

Fungi
Plants
Algae

25
Q

What is the cell wall made of in plants?

A

Cellulose

26
Q

What is the role of the cell surface membrane?

A

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

27
Q

What are lysomes?

A

Relatively small organelles formed when the vesicles made by the golgi contain digestive enzymes

28
Q

Name some of the functions of the lysosomes?

A

Release hydrolytic enzymes and break down cells/dead structures

29
Q

What is the cell wall made of in fungi?

A

Chitin

30
Q

What is the cell wall made of in Algae?

A

Cellulose or glycoprotiens

31
Q

What organelles does a prokaryotic cell have?

A 
Cell wall 
Capsule 
Cell surface membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Circular strand of DNA 
Plasmids 
Flagellum 
Ribsomes
32
Q

What is the cell wall made of in Prokayotic cell?

A

Muerin (glycoprotien)

33
Q

What is the role of plasmids?

A

Contains gene that aid survival of prokaryotes

T-level: Core Science Component (1 decks)

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