Cells And Tissues

Question 1

What are the most predominant type of granulocyte in the blood?

Answer 1

Neutrophils

Question 2

What are neutrophils?

Answer 2

They are phagocytosis cells and are the most numerous component of the innate immune response

Question 3

Where are neutrophils found?

Answer 3

At site of acute inflammation

Question 4

Are eosinophils granulocytes?

Answer 4

Yes they are though to be important in defence against parasitic infections because their numbers increase during a parasitic infection

Question 5

What reactions are eosinophils involved in?

Answer 5

They are involved in atopic reactions such as asthma

Question 6

What do granules contain?

Answer 6

Basic proteins

Question 7

What are basophils known as?

Answer 7

Granulocytes are found in relatively low numbers in normal blood

Question 8

What is the function of basophils?

Answer 8

It is similar and complementary to that of eosinphils and mast cells

Question 9

What do granules also contain?

Answer 9

Histamine, leuktrines, vasoactive mediators and platelet activating factors

Question 10

What are macrophages?

Answer 10

They are major phagocytic cells which play a critical part in innate immunity

Question 11

What is a monocyte?

Answer 11

A circulating cell which differentiates into a macrophage upon migration into the tissues

Question 12

What are the two different forms of lymphocytes?

Answer 12

B cells and T cells

Question 13

Describe B cells

Answer 13

Once activated B cells differentiate into antibody secreting plasma cells as part of the specific immune response

Question 14

What are T cells?

Answer 14

They are thymus-matured lymphocytes

Question 15

What are the two types of Thymus-matured lymphocytes?

Answer 15

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T lymphcytes

Question 16

What do cytotoxic T cells do?

Answer 16

Kill virus infected cells

Question 17

What do helper T cells do?

Answer 17

Activate other cells such as B cells and macrophages

Question 18

What are natural killer cells (NK) cells?

Answer 18

Large, granular lymphocytes which form part of the innate immune response. Although lacking in antigen-specific receptors they can detect and attack some virus-infected cells

Question 19

Where are mast cells found?

Answer 19

They are found across tissues mainly near the small blood vessels

Question 20

What happens upon activation of mast cells?

Answer 20

They release substances from their granules that affect vascular permeability.

Question 21

What do granules of the mast cells contain?

Answer 21

Histamine and heparin

Question 22

What are mast cells known as?

Answer 22

They are known for their role in allergy. Also they are thought to play a part in protecting mucosal surfaces from pathogens

Question 23

Where are all immune cell created?

Answer 23

They are created and matured in primary lymphoid tissues (the thymus and the bone marrow)

Question 24

What are immune cells produced from?

Answer 24

They are produced from haemotopoietic stem cells

Question 25

What happens to the immune cells once they have matured?

Answer 25

They leave the primary lymphoid tissues and enter the circulatory system

Question 26

What can circulate between the non-lymphoid tissues and the secondary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 26

Lymphocytes and some mononuclear phagocytes - this increases the likelihood they will be exposed to pathogens picked up in tissues from all over the body

Question 27

What fluid flows in lymphatic vessels?

Answer 27

Lymph fluid, the content is the same in interstitial fluid and the fluid around tissue cells

Question 28

What does lymph do?

Answer 28

It drains interstitial fluids, transport dietary lipids and facilitates immune responses

Question 29

What does lymph eventually drain into?

Answer 29

Venous blood

Question 30

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 30

Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 31

Where are lymphocytes activated?

Answer 31

In the secondary lymphoids