Cells And Tissues Flashcards
What is a cell?
The basic unit of living materials and organs
What is the Cytoplasm?
A semi-fluid material in the cell, this is where chemical reactions happen the collective term is metabolism.
What is the nucleus and what does it contain?
The brain of the cell it controls all operations, it contains DNA.
Name the organelles of a (human) cell
Centrioles, Mitochondria,smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
Role and function of the Centrioles
Organelles that play an important role in cell divisions
Role and Function of the Mitochondria
They are spherical shaped bodies scattered in the cytoplasm they are in charge of energy release.
Role and Function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Studded with tiny black bodies (ribosomes) it makes cell proteins and acts as temporary storage
Role and function of the smooth ER
Involved in metabolism of lipids or fats (no ribosomes)
Role and Function of Ribosomes
They manufacture proteins as instructed by the DNA in the nucleus important for growth and repair of the cell
Role and Function of the Golgi Apparatus
Responsible for packaging proteins for delivery to other organelles looks a stack of flattened cisternae and associated vesicles
Role and Function of Lysosomes (Part 1)
Contain enzymes capable of digesting major chemical components of living cells, they travel in the cell and release their contents to destroy old or damaged organelles
Role and Function of lysosomes (Part 2)
They can also destroy bacteria that enters the cell.
What are the 4 types of tissue?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.
What is Epithelial tissue?
It is a thin protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellular matrix.
What types of simple epithelia are there?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar or ciliated
Functions and Role of simple epithelia
Chief function is ti allow for materias to pass through diffusion or osmosis
Where are the simple squamous epithelia found?
In the walls of the lung alveoli, blood capillaries, Bowmans capillaries of nephrons
Where are the cuboidal epithelia found?
In the Kidney tubules, sweat ducts, thyroid gland and breast tissue
What are columnar epithelia?
Columnar epithelial cells are much taller they can be associated with cilia and they are then called ciliated epithelia.
Where are they found?
In the trachea and bronchi and in the villi in the small intestine.
What are compound epithelia?
They protect deeper structures and multiple layers of cells: they are in the vagina, mouth, tongue and oesophagus.
Why is blood red?
They are packed with haemoglobin.
What are white blood cells and what is their role?
They are able to change their shape and engulf foreign material such as bacteria. They process is known as phagocytosis.
What are Lymphocytes and what do they do? Part 1
Lymphocytes are smaller blood cells they are found in the lymph, they assist in production of antibodies. They act as identity markers for different types of pathogen.
What are lymphocytes and what do they do? Part 2
There are two types of lymphocytes T cells and B cells. T cells destroy the bodies own cells that have been affected by a virus. B cells produce antibodies to attack.
What are monocytes?
Another type of white blood cell- they efficient at phagocytosis.
