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ANAPHY LEC > CELLS AND TISSUES > Flashcards

CELLS AND TISSUES Flashcards

1
Q

units of living organisms.

A

CELLS

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2
Q

a structure in their centre that contain genetic data, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid. (DNA)

A

nucleus

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3
Q

a smallest unit of life of all living
organism.

A

CELLS

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4
Q

This instructions are exported on long
molecules called messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). (FUNCTION)

A

Receiving Instructions (Nucleus)

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5
Q

The mRNA travels on an organelles attached to the nucleus called the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (FUNCTION)

A

Manufacture

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6
Q

The proteins travel in vesicles (FUNCTION)

A

Packaging

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7
Q

The mRNA travels on an organelles attached to the nucleus called the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (FUNCTION)

A

Shipping

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8
Q

is the cells command centre, containing
blueprints in the form of DNA

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Produces and processes fats and some
hormones.

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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10
Q

Centrosomes

A

the organization points for microtubules. structures that helps separate DNA during cell division.

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11
Q

containers that transport materials from the cell membrane to the interior and vice versa.

A

Vesicles

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12
Q

where most of the cell’s supply of chemical energy is generated

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

Helps to make protein

A

Ribosome

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14
Q

Two Basic Types of Cells

A

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

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15
Q

a group of organism whose cells have defined a nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane.

A

Eukaryotes

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16
Q

Cells have no nuclear membrane and no
distinct nucleus

A

Prokaryotes

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17
Q

Separates the cells from the
external environment and Regulates the transport materials in and out the cells.

A

Cell Membrane

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18
Q

made of two layers of phospholipid (bilayer)

A

Cell Membrane

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19
Q

Cell Membrane Functions

A

Selective Permeability, Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Compartmentalization, and Storage, transport and secretion.

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19
Q

effective seal between the cell or organelle’s internal and
external environment.

A

Selective Permeability

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20
Q

cells engulf extracellular
substances and bring them into the cytoplasm in membrane limited vesicles.

A

Endocytosis

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21
Q

Three process of Endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor

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22
Q

“cell-eating”, engulfs insoluble extracellular substances.

A

Phagocytosis

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23
Q

mediated endocytosis

A

Receptor

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24
Q

“cell-drinking”, engulfs small amounts of intracellular fluid.

A

Pinocytosis

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25
Q

removes substance from the
cell; process used for both secretion and
excretion of digestive materials.

A

Exocytosis

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26
Q

selective inhibit the passage of the most water- soluble substances

A

Compartmentalization

27
Q

Major Components of Eukaryotic Cells

A

Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm

28
Q

control center appears as rounded or elongated structures. The reservoir of DNA and carries most of if its genetic information.

A

Nucleus

29
Q

Nucleus is composed of?

A

Chromatin, and Barr Body

30
Q

Major nucleus component

A

Chromatin

31
Q

inactivated X-chromosome in the nuclei of female cells.

A

Barr Body

32
Q

Nucleus is made of coiled DNA which is bound to basic proteins called?

A

histones

33
Q

Two types of Chromatin

A

Euchromatin (dispersed), and Heterochromatin (condensed)

34
Q

Type of Chromatin that has dark staining because of unused genetic materials in storage

A

Heterochromatin

35
Q

Type of Chromatin that represents active genetic materials

A

Euchromatin

36
Q

site for ribosomal RNA synthesis

Deep staining basophilic area

Composed of granules, fibrils and chromatin

A

Nucleolus

37
Q

a semifluid, colloidal solution in which the chromatin materials and the nucleolus are suspended.

A

Nucleoplasm

38
Q

double membrane, maintains a separate milieu between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

A

Nuclear envelope

39
Q

vary in size, have a slit-like diaphragm that regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus.

A

Nuclear Pores

40
Q

Gel like substance enclosed within the cell membrane and has 70% to 90% water and usually colorless

A

Cytoplasm

41
Q

Three group of structures

A

Organelles, Cytoplasmic Inclusions, and Cytoskeleton

42
Q

Structures inside the cells that have specific functions

A

Organelles

43
Q

structures that are generally more transient than organelles and less actively involved in cell metabolism

A

Cytoplasmic Inclusions

44
Q

it includes secretory inclusions (enzymes,
acids, proteins), nutritive inclusions
(glycogen granules, lipid droplets), and
pigment granule (melanin, lipofuscin,
hemosiderin).

A

Cytoplasmic Inclusions

45
Q

Provides structural stability for the
maintenance of cell shape.

A

Cytoskeleton

46
Q

Network of flatted sacs and branching
tubules.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

47
Q

Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

48
Q

Granular, ribosomes are attached to the
other surface of the RER and synthesis of protein

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

49
Q

Network of tubular membrane structures, and No ribosomes attached to the surface

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

50
Q

is the microscopic study of the normal tissues of the body

A

Histology

51
Q

is the study of changes in the microscopic structures of tissues.

A

Histopathology

52
Q

four basic types of tissues

A

Epithelial.

Connective.

Muscular.

Nervous.

53
Q

Cover body surfaces and line the cavities of hollow organs, tubes of the body, and cover internal organs.

A

Epithelial Tissue

54
Q

very cellular and compact

A

Epithelial cells

55
Q

body substance in which the tissue cells are embedded; binds the epithelial cells
together

A

Intercellular cementing substance

56
Q

Functions of Epithelium

A

Protection

Absorption

Secretion

Sensory reception

Excretion

Lubrication

57
Q

Structures associated with the Epithelium

A

Basement membrane, Lamina Propia

58
Q

The thin layer of loose connective tissue immediately beneath the epithelium;
underlying the basement membrane.

A

Lamina Propia

59
Q

Separates the epithelial tissue from
underlying connective tissue

A

Basement membrane

60
Q

Attachment on lateral surfaces of epithelial cells

A

Intercellular surfaces

61
Q

hemidesmosomes and desmosome (macula adherens); hold cell together to prevent lateral tearing of tissues and provide mechanical attachment

A

Adhering Junctions (zonula adherens)

62
Q

impermeable junctions; most apical junction; principal function is to form seal that prevents the flow of materials between epithelial cells in either way.

A

Tight Junctions (zonulae occludens)

63
Q

mediate intercellular communication, permit passage of substances between adjacent cells

A

Gap/Communicating Junctions

64
Q

increase the cell surface area available for absorption.

A

Microvilli

65
Q

have a rapid back and fort movement
that is frequently coordinated propelling
surface films of mucus and fluid.

A

Cilia

66
Q

long, nonmotile process of cells
of the epididymis and vas deferens, hair
cells of the inner ear.

A

Stereocilia

ANAPHY LEC (5 decks)

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