Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUMAN ANATOMY ANG PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > CELLS AND TISSUES > Flashcards

CELLS AND TISSUES Flashcards

1
Q

smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence,
composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus.

A

CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the living structural and functional units enclosed by a membrane.

A

CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the study of cellular structure and function

A

CYTOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All organisms are composed of one or more cells

A

MODERN FORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell contain the hereditary information of the organisms of which they
are part.

A

MODERN FORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

First to arise in biological evolution. Generally solitary with the nuclear material unenclosed in a membrane

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Multicellular and provided with a nuclear membrane. Larger and more complex, with a wider range of diversity and differentiation

A

EUKARYOTIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flexible yet sturdy barrier that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm of a cell.

A

CELL MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the arrangement of molecules within the membrane resembles a sea of lipids containing many types of proteins.

A

FLUID MOSAIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

act as a barrier to certain substances

A

LIPIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

act as “gatekeepers” to certain molecules and ions

A

PROTEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

extend into or through the lipid bilayer among the fatty acid tails and are firmly embedded in it

A

INTEGRAL PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

attached to the polar heads of membrane lipids or to integral proteins at the inner or outer surface of the membrane

A

PERIPHERAL PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Membrane proteins with a carbohydrate group attached that protrudes into the extracellular fluid

A

GLYCOPROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“sugary coating” surrounding the membrane made up of the carbohydrate portions of the glycolipids and glycoproteins.

A

GLYCOCALYX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

allows specific ions to move through water filled pore

A

ION CHANNEL(INTEGRAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

transports specific substances across membranes by changing shape, for example amino acids, needed to emphasize new proteins, enter body cells via carriers

A

CARRIER (INTEGRAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

recognizes specific ligand and alters cell’s function in someway

A

RECEPTOR (INTEGRAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell ( depending on which direction the active site faces)

A

ENZYME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anchors filaments insides and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape for the cell

A

LINKER ( Integral and peripheral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s (unless you are an identical twin)

A

CELL IDENTITY MARKER (GLYCOPROTEIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The cell is either permeable or impermeable to certain substances.

A

MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

means that a structure permits the passage of substances through it.

A

PERMEABLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

means that a structure does not permit the passage of substances through it

A

IMPEARABLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

permeable to small, nonpolar, uncharged molecules (eg. oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and steroids), but impermeable to glucose.

A

LIPID BILAYER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the difference in the concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane and the other.

A

Concentration gradient

27
Q

It is the difference in concentration of ions between one side of the plasma membrane and the other.

A

Electrical gradient

28
Q

WHAT CAN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT AND ELECTRICAL GRADIENT MAKE UP TOGETHER?

A

Electrochemical gradient

29
Q

Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area with lower concentration, that is along their concentration gradient

A

Simple diffusion

30
Q

Simple diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

31
Q

Same as simple diffusion but the diffusing substance is attached to a lipid soluble carrier

A

. Facilitated Diffusion

32
Q

Movement of water and solutes through a semi-permeable membrane from an area with higher hydrostatic pressure to an area with a lower hydrostatic pressure, that is, along a pressure gradient.

A

Filtration

33
Q

Movement of substance through a membrane against a concentration or electrochemical gradient and requires a membrane carrier protein

A

. Active transport

34
Q

Secretion or ejection of substances enclosed in a membrane vesicle which fuses with the plasma membrane and ruptures

A

Exocytosis

35
Q

Engulfed extracellular substance are brought to the cytoplasm in a membrane-limited vesicle

A

. Endocytosis

36
Q

Cell eating; insoluble substances are engulfed and are enclosed in a vesicle known as “phagosome

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

Cell drinking; engulfment of small amount of fluid enclosed in pinocytic vesicles

A

Pinocytosis

38
Q

External substances binds to membrane receptors and are engulfed with their receptors

A

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

39
Q

principal parts of cells

A

A. Cell Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Nucleus

40
Q

The protoplasm outside the nucleus which contains the different organelles and
inclusions

A

Cytoplasm

41
Q

Metabolically active internal organs carrying out specific essential functions

A

Organelles

42
Q

Metabolically inert accumulations of cell products

A

Inclusions

43
Q

Forms the structural support or framework of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

44
Q

Storage form of carbohydrates in animal cells

A

Glycogen

45
Q

Serves as energy storage

A

Lipid

46
Q

Least common among the inclusions

A

Crystals

47
Q

plays an important role in apoptosis

A

MITOCHONDRIA

48
Q

network of membrane enclosed sacs or tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm and connect to the nuclear envelope

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

49
Q

modifies, sorts, packages, and transports protein received from the rough ER

A

GOLGI APARATUS

50
Q

Digest substances that enter a cell via endocytosis and transport final products of digestion into cytosol

A

lysosomes

51
Q

the pericentriolar material of the centrosome contains tubulins that build microtubules in nondividing cells

A

centrosome

52
Q

move fluids along a cell’s surface

A

CILIA

53
Q

moves an entire cell

A

Flagelum

54
Q

thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

55
Q

thicker than microfilaments but thinner than microtubules

A

Intermediate filaments

56
Q

largest of the cytoskeletal components and are long, unbranched hollow tubes composed mainly of the protein tubulin

A

Microtubules

57
Q

Control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

58
Q

a single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins, contains thousands of hereditary units called genes

A

Chromosome

59
Q

control most aspects of cellular structure and function.

A

Genes

60
Q

the cell cycle is a sequence of self growth and division

A

cell cycle

61
Q

the time it takes to complete one cell cycle

A

generation time

62
Q

usually the longest & most variable phase of the cycle.

A

G1 phase

63
Q

characterized by DNA replication and beginning of centrosome duplication

A

S phase

64
Q

proteins required for mitosis starts to accumulate

A

G2 phase

HUMAN ANATOMY ANG PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions