CELLS AND TISSUE Flashcards
SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFE
CELL
THIS IS THE SELECTIVE PERMEABLE BARRIER
PLASMA MEMBRANE
INTRACELLULAR FLUID PACKED WITH ORGANELLES
CYTOPLASM
ORGANELLES THAT CONTROLS CELLULAR ACTIVITIES
NUCLEUS
MOST ABUNDANT MATERIAL, JELLYLIKE SUBSTANCE COMPOSED OF PROTEINS AND POLYSACCHARIDES
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM)
SUBSTANCE THAT AID IN DIGESTION (GASTRIC FLUIDS) OR ACTS AS LUBRICANT (SALIVA)
CELLULAR SECRETIONS
FORMS OF THE FABRIC OF THE MEMBRANE (PHOSPHOLIPID + CHOLESTEROL)
MEMBRANE LIPIDS
Refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes, which are lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them.
TRANSPORT PROTEINS
what are the three passive membrane transport
simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
helps in stabilizing the internal environment of the organism by balancing the levels of water and intracellular fluids.
osmosis
the passive movement of substances, such as biological molecules or ions, across a plasma membrane by means of a transport protein located in the plasma membrane
facilitated diffusion
describes the amount of solute in a solution.
tonicity
To maintain the cell structure and prevent the cell lysis more dilute than cells, cells pump up or lyse
hypotonic
signals from the nervous system
neurotransmitter
signals from the endocrine system
hormones
chemicals that act locally and are rapidly destroyed
paracrines
viscous, semi-transparent fluid in which other cytoplasmic elements are suspended
CYTOSOL
metabolic machinery of the cell that synthesize proteins, generate ATP
ORGANELLE
chemical substances like stored nutrients, lipid droplets and pigments
INCLUSIONS
Powerplants of the cell, providing ATP supply
Lozenge-shaped organelles that contains its own DNA, RNA, ribosomes and able to reproduce themselves
mitochondria
Sites of protein synthesis
Small-dark staining granules composed of proteins and RNA
ribosomes
Extensive system of interconnected tubes and parallel sacs
endoplasmic reticulum
studded with ribosomes that manufacture all proteins secreted from cells; manufacture of integral proteins and phospholipids that fo part of all cellular membranes
rough er
contains integral proteins called enzymes that catalyze reactions
smooth ER
Spherical membranous organelles containing activated hydrolytic enzymes
Digests all kinds of biological molecules including invading bacteria and cell debris
PERIOXISOMES
Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids Stacked, flattened membranous sacs associated with tiny membranous vesicles
GOLGI APARATUS
Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes (numerous in kidneys and livers)
Oxidases and Catalases detoxify alcohol and formaldehyde and neutralize free radicalsOLG
LYSOSOMES
tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface. It increase the cell surface and and most often found in absorptive cells in the intestine and kidney
MICROVILLA
projections formed by centrioles but longer. The only flagellated cell is a sperm which has one propulsive flagellum. It propels the cell itself
FLAGELLA
whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur on the exposed surfaces of certain cells. Its actions move substances in one direction across the cell surfaces
CILLIA
carries the coded information to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs
O Ribosomal RNA
MESSENGER RNA
2 units form functional ribosomes which are sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA
ferry amino acids to the ribosomes
Transfer RNA
Secrete their products onto body surfaces or into body cavities, include the
liver, pancreas, salivary glands among others
EXOCRINE
Product hormones that enter the blood or lymphatic fluid to specific target
organs
ENDOCRINE
Blood vessels transport blood, which
carries oxygen, caroon dioxide.
nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
product of a gland that can be aqueous, lipid or
steroid-rich containing proteins
SECRETION
product of a gland that can be aqueous, lipid or
steroid-rich containing proteins
GLAND
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxvgen and removes carbon dioxide
These exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
unstructured materials that fills the space between cells and fibers
GROUND SUBSTANCE
Breaks down odd no absornanie minic
that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are
eliminated as reces
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
studies the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activitie
PHYSIOLOGY
study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart, lungs,
GROSS ANATOMY
in which cells come
together, touch and recognize one
another. Useful in development and
immunity
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