cells and their features

Question 1

what is templated polymerization?

Answer 1

process of polymer synthesis in which the monomer units are organized by a template

Question 2

what are two examples of templated polymerization?

Answer 2

transcription and replication

Question 3

considered an archive of info, contains genetic info for an organism’s development

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

what is RNA?

Answer 4

single stranded polymeric molecule that carries genetic info that cells use to make proteins and RNA

Question 5

what is DNA replication?

Answer 5

process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells. occurs before cell division so that daughter cell ends up with its own complete genome

Question 6

transcription?

Answer 6

RNA Synthesis; process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Question 7

what is translation?

Answer 7

protein synthesis; process of translating the sequence of messenger RNA to build a protein

Question 8

what is a gene?

Answer 8

sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to form a functional RNA; genes are made up of DNA

Question 9

what is a codon?

Answer 9

a sequence of three nucleotides which together form the 20 amino acids

Question 10

what is genetic redundancy?

Answer 10

several codons can make the same amino acid

Question 11

what is lysosomal storage disease?

Answer 11

results from a deficiency of a specific lysozyme located within lysosomes of cells

Question 12

what happens when a specific lysozyme is absent?

Answer 12

lack of degradation of certain compounds, specifically glycosphingolipids they eventually accumulate in cells

Question 13

what organs does lysosomal storage disease affect?

Answer 13

spleen and liver (RES), brain and spinal cord, skeletal system and collagen

Question 14

what is Gaucher’s disease?

Answer 14

genetic mutation that leads to a deficiency of betaglucosidase

Question 15

in gaucher’s disease what organs are affected? where do the cells appear?

Answer 15

liver and spleen enlarge and glycosphingolipids accumulate; in bone marrow

Question 16

what is metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD)?

Answer 16

genetic mutation that leads to deficiency of arylsulfatase A

Question 17

where does metachromatic leukodystrophy affect? treatment?

Answer 17

allows build up of glycosphingolipid in white matter of brain and spinal cord; bone marrow transplant

Question 18

what is tay-sachs disease? AKA? common in what population of people?

Answer 18

gangliosidosis; genetic mutation leads to deficiency of hexosaminidase; ashkenazic jews

Question 19

what does tay-sachs disease cause? what organ does it affect?

Answer 19

severe mental retardation with hearing and vision loss; accumulation of gangliosides in brain

Question 20

what is Hurler syndrome?

Answer 20

group of disorders involving genetic mutation leading to a deficiency of alpha iduronidase

Question 21

where does hurler syndrome affect? how?

Answer 21

skeletal and collagen involvement; lack of collagen formation in several systems; death by age 8

Question 22

Hurler syndrome sign?

Answer 22

Heparan sulfate (precursor to collagen and mucopolysaccharide) accumulates in urine.

Question 23

what’s the most important factor in disease?

Answer 23

proteins

Question 24

what’s an example of a protein catalyst?

Answer 24

lysozymes

Question 25

what causes lysozyme storage disorders?

Answer 25

mutations