Cells and structure of the immune system

Question 1

Where is the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) found?

Answer 1

In the bone marrow

Question 2

Where are all blood cells generated?

Answer 2

In the bone marrow

Question 3

What do lymphoid progenitors generate?

Answer 3

Lymphocytes

Question 4

What do myeloid progenitors generate?

Answer 4

Granulocytes

Question 5

List the 3 common lymphocytes

Answer 5

NK cells, T cells ( lymphocytes), B cells (lymphocytes)

Question 6

List the types of immune cells derived from common myeloid progenitor cells.

Answer 6

Erythrocytes, mast cells, megakaryocytes (platelets), erythrocytes (RBCs), myeloblasts

Question 7

List the major granulocytes derived from myeloblasts.

Answer 7

Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes (which become macrophages)

Question 8

Can the dendritic cell develop from either lineage?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Which lineage (myeloid/lymphoid) is mostly associated with innate responses?

Answer 9

Myeloid

Question 10

What are some features of myeloid cells?

Answer 10

• They are ready to act immediately
• They are generally released directly into the blood

Question 11

Where do T cells develop and mature?

Answer 11

Thymus

Question 12

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 12

Bone marrow

Question 13

What cell is the largest phagocyte?

Answer 13

Monocyte (12-20 um)

Question 14

What cells fall into the category of granulocytes?

Answer 14

Basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte

Question 15

Are the sizes of all leukocytes the same?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

How are macrophages formed?

Answer 16

From differentiation of monocytes in tissues

Question 17

How do marcophages respond to pathogens?

Answer 17

They are phagocytic cells. They are capable of englufing and killing microorganisms.

Question 18

Which granulocyte is found in high quantities?

Answer 18

Neutrophils

Question 19

Where are neutrophils mainly found?

Answer 19

In blood

Question 20

Are neutrophils a phagocytic cell?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What is the activated function of neutrophils?

Answer 21

Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms.

Question 22

As a granulocyte, what do the granules in eosinophils and basophils contain?

Answer 22

Enzymes and toxins (to combat microbes)

Question 23

What is the activated function of eosinophils?

Answer 23

Killing of antibody-coated parasites

Question 24

What is the activated function of basophils?

Answer 24

Promotion of allergic responses and augmentation of anti-parasitic immunity.

Question 25

What does the dendritic cell do?

Answer 25

• Capture and present an antigen
• Can engulf and degrade microbes

Question 26

Where are dendritic cells generated?

Answer 26

In the bone marrow

Question 27

Which cells are associated with the innate immune response?

Answer 27

• Dendritic cell
• Granulocytes (B, E, N)
• Macrophage
• NK cell
• Mast cell

Question 28

What are the body’s 2 main circulation systems?

Answer 28

Blood circulation system, lymphatics system

Question 29

What happens in the lymphatic system?

Answer 29

Movement of fluid and cells from tissues.