Cells and structure of the immune system Flashcards
Where is the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) found?
In the bone marrow
Where are all blood cells generated?
In the bone marrow
What do lymphoid progenitors generate?
Lymphocytes
What do myeloid progenitors generate?
Granulocytes
List the 3 common lymphocytes
NK cells, T cells ( lymphocytes), B cells (lymphocytes)
List the types of immune cells derived from common myeloid progenitor cells.
Erythrocytes, mast cells, megakaryocytes (platelets), erythrocytes (RBCs), myeloblasts
List the major granulocytes derived from myeloblasts.
Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes (which become macrophages)
Can the dendritic cell develop from either lineage?
Yes
Which lineage (myeloid/lymphoid) is mostly associated with innate responses?
Myeloid
What are some features of myeloid cells?
- They are ready to act immediately
- They are generally released directly into the blood
Where do T cells develop and mature?
Thymus
Where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow
What cell is the largest phagocyte?
Monocyte (12-20 um)
What cells fall into the category of granulocytes?
Basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte
Are the sizes of all leukocytes the same?
No
How are macrophages formed?
From differentiation of monocytes in tissues
How do marcophages respond to pathogens?
They are phagocytic cells. They are capable of englufing and killing microorganisms.
Which granulocyte is found in high quantities?
Neutrophils
Where are neutrophils mainly found?
In blood
Are neutrophils a phagocytic cell?
Yes
What is the activated function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms.
As a granulocyte, what do the granules in eosinophils and basophils contain?
Enzymes and toxins (to combat microbes)
What is the activated function of eosinophils?
Killing of antibody-coated parasites
What is the activated function of basophils?
Promotion of allergic responses and augmentation of anti-parasitic immunity.
