Cells and simple cell transport

Question 1

Name the five parts of an animal cell.

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosome

Question 2

Name the eight parts of a plant cell.

Answer 2

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

Question 3

Name the four parts of a bacteria cell.

Answer 3

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Genetic material
Cytoplasm

Question 4

What is the role of the cell wall?

Answer 4

Made of cellulose that strengthens the cell and gives support.

Question 5

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 6

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

A liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place.

Question 7

What is the role of the nucleus?

Answer 7

Controls all of the activities of the cell. Contains the genes on the chromosomes which are responsible for making new cells.

Question 8

What is the role of the ribosomes?

Answer 8

Where protein synthesis takes place. All proteins needed by cell are made here.

Question 9

What is the role of the mitochondrion?

Answer 9

A structure in the cytoplasm where oxygen is used and most of the energy is released during respiration.

Question 10

What is the role of the chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Contains green chlorophyll which absorb light energy to make food by photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is the role of the vacuole?

Answer 11

The storage unit. This keeps the cells rigid to support plant.

Question 12

What is diffusion?

Answer 12

The movement of particles in a fluid from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 13

Give three ways that you can increase the rate of diffusion.

Answer 13

1. Greater concentration difference
2. More surface area
3. Thinner, more porous material
4. Increase the temperature of the solutions

Question 14

How are carbon dioxide, oxygen and food transported around the body? Remember to include the part of the body where it enters and leaves the blood.

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide enters in to the body tissue and leaves via the lungs. Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs and leaves by the body tissue. Food enters the blood at the small intestine and leaves the blood at the body tissue.

Question 15

Explain in terms of diffusion why so many cells have folded membranes along the surface.

Answer 15

The greater the surface area of the cell, the more rapid the rate of diffusion. By having a folded membrane, a cell can have a larger surface area and so diffusion can happen faster.

Question 16

Describe in detail how food is transported in the small intestine.

Answer 16

The membrane of the folds in the wall (villi) is permeable to the food molecules. This is important as it means that it can pass through the membrane. The villus wall can easily allow food to diffuse in to the blood as it is only one cell thick. A good supply of blood takes the food away so that more can diffuse in.

Question 17

How are the lungs adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 17

They have a large number of alveoli which help to increase the surface area needed for gas exchange. The alveoli membrane is permeable to gases and has a good blood supply taking the oxygenated blood away.