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Biology > Cells and organisation > Flashcards

Cells and organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you calculate total magnification?

A

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

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2
Q

Define the term resolution

A

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two separate points in an image

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3
Q

What is the role of the nucleus

A

Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes. Contains the genetic code.

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4
Q

What is the role cytoplasm in a cell

A

This is where chemcial reactions take place

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cells.

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6
Q

What is function of the mitochondria is cells

A

This is the site of respiration.

Glucose + Oxyen –> Carbon dioxide + water vapour + ATP energy

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7
Q

Define the word ‘magnification’

A

Magnification is how much bigger an image is compared to it’s actual size.
Can be calculated by using the IAM triange.

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8
Q

Function of the cellulose cell wall

A

This is outer layer of plant cells. It is made of cellulose. It gives the plant strength and support.

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9
Q

Why are ribosomes needed in a cell?

A

Ribosomes are the site (location) where proteins are made.

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10
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts contain a green chemcial called chlorophyll. It traps sunlight energy which is needed for photosynthesis.

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11
Q

To find out the magnification

A

Magnification= image size / actual size

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12
Q

To find out the actual size

A

Actual size= image size / magnification

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13
Q

To find out the image size

A

Image size= magnification x actual size

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14
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of substances from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration.
Diffusion is a passive process
E.g O2 diffuses out of the lungs and into your blood stream

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15
Q

What is osmosis? How is it related to Diffusion?

A

Osmosis is a different type of diffusion but instead of many different substances it is to do with water molecules.
The water molecules move from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

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16
Q

Carbohydrates

A 
Carbohydrates are made up of long chains of simple sugars 
For example starch
g-g-g-g-g-g-g-g-g-g
G= glucose
There are three types of carbohydrates:
Sugar= gives us energy
Starch= gives us energy
Fibre= prevents constipation
17
Q

Proteins

A

Proteins help your growth
And proteins also help repairing of body tissues
They are made up of long chains of amino acids

18
Q

Lipids

A

Lipids are also called Fats
Lipids help you keep warm (insulation)
And they can also give us energy
Lipids are made up of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 attached fatty acids

19
Q

Types of specialised cells

A 
Sperm cells
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Skin cells
Egg cells
20
Q

Two types of unspecialised cells/ Stem cells=

A

Adult (tissue) stem cells

Embroyonic stem cells

21
Q

Stem cells

A

Stem cells can replicate many times.

Has the potential to become specialised

22
Q

Embryonic cells

A

Are stem cells found in embryos they are known as embroyic stem cells
And can develop-into almost every cell type under he right conditions in a lab

23
Q

Adult stem cells

A

Found in adult tissues such as bone marrow brain and muscle and liver cells. These can only change into the same type of cells as the tissue so if they come from liver cells they become liver cells.

24
Q

Tissue

A

Formed by a lot od similar cells working together to preform the same function

25
Q

Organ

A

Formed by lots of tissues working together like your heart

26
Q

Organ system

A

Lots of organs working together in a system like a circulatory system

27
Q

Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes are a strand of DNA that carries our gene these are codes for our characteristics.

28
Q

Stage 1 of the cell cycle

A 
Interphase
When the cell prepares to divide
Cell increases in size
DNA replicates
Organelles ( mitochondria, and ribosomes increase in numbers)
29
Q

Stage 2 of the cells cycle

A

Mitosis
Chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell
Chromosomes get pulled to opposite ends
Nucleus divides

30
Q

Stage 3 of the cell cycle

A

Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm and cell membranes divid
2 identical cells are formed

31
Q

Nutrients

A

Nutrients are chemicals found in food

32
Q

Main types of food nutrients

A 
Carbohydrates(3 different types shown on next card)
Fats 
Protein
Minerals ( iron and calcium)
Vitamins ( vitamin c and vitamin d)
(Water could count)
33
Q

CARBOHYDRATES

A

There are 3 types
Sugar
Starch
Fibre

Biology (2 decks)

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