Cells and Organelles

Question 1

3 Basic Components of The Cell Theory

Answer 1

• All organisms are composed of one or more cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things
• All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells

Question 2

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 2

They are small, simple, have circular DNA, and lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (e.x. bacteria cells).

Question 3

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 3

They are large, complex, have linear DNA and have a membrane-bound nucleus (e.x. plant and animals cells).

Question 4

Organelles

Answer 4

Specialized cell structures that are responsible for a variety of cellular functions.

Question 5

Cell Wall

Answer 5

A rigid layer surrounding the cell that provides structure, strength and protection to the cell. Found ONLY in plant cells.

Question 6

Cell Membrane

Answer 6

A double membrane composed of lipids and proteins that provides shape, protects the inner organelle of the cell and acts as a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

A jelly-like substance consisting of water, dissolved nutrients and waste products that fills the cell. It maintains the pressure of the cell and ensures that it doesn’t shrink or burst.

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

The house for most of the cells’ genetic material - the DNA and RNA. It controls the activity of the cell and is known as the control center.

Question 9

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

ER is the cell’s transport system, and those bound to ribosomes appears rough and are the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They have many roles in protein synthesis.

Question 10

Ribosome

Answer 10

An intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein. They are the site for protein synthesis where the translation of the RNA takes place.

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Uses oxygen to break down food and release energy. It’s the main site of cellular respiration and is also involved in storing energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Question 12

Vacuole

Answer 12

Membrane-bound organelles that are used for storage, and contain food, water or waste products.

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

An elongated or disc-shaped organelle that have structures that look like a stack of coins. They contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis. Found ONLY in plant cells.

Question 14

Golgi Body

Answer 14

The packaging center of the cell. They distribute proteins outside of the cell and modify the molecules from the rough ER.

Question 15

Lysosome

Answer 15

A specialized vesicle that holds a variety of enzymes that were created by the cell. Their purpose is to digest things such as food, break down the cell when it dies and remove waste. Found ONLY in animal cells.

Question 16

Centriole

Answer 16

A small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way that lives normally within the centrosome. They help the cell divide during mitosis and meiosis. Found ONLY in animals cells.

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

The large network that gives shape and structure to cells. It organizes the contents of the cell, connects it physically and biochemically to the external environment; and generates coordinated forces that enable the cell to move and change shape.

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Organelles of movement, are short and in large numbers per cell. The ciliary movement is a power stroke and recovery stroke. They are used to move entire cells or substances along the outer surface of the cell.

Question 19

Flagella

Answer 19

Organelles of movement, are longer and fewer in number. The flagellar motion is undulating and wave-like. They extend from the plasma membrane and are used to move an entire cell.