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biology > Cells and microscopy > Flashcards

Cells and microscopy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the first step of the cell cycle?

A

Cell growth

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2
Q

What is mitosis?

A

When a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells or cell division

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3
Q

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A

For growth and to replace worn out cells

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4
Q

What is the second step of the cell cycle?

A

DNA synthesis

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5
Q

What is DNA synthesis?

A

The biological process of when a DNA molecule is created

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6
Q

In DNA synthesis what do the two DNA strands do?

A

They act as a template for the synthesis for a similar strand

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7
Q

What is the third step of the cell cycle?

A

Growth and preparation for mitosis

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8
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Stem cells are special human cells that able to develop into different cell types.

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9
Q

What are some cells that a stem cell can develop into?

A

Blood cells, bone cells, fat cells, muscle cells, sex cells, immune cells, epithelial cells

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10
Q

How do stem cells create a specialized cell?

A

The daughter cells divides and after each division it becomes more specialized

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11
Q

When does a cell stop mitosis?

A

When it reaches a mature cell type downstream (for example, becomes a red blood cell) it will no longer divide

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12
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

For a cell to be destroyed (not die because its not living)

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13
Q

When does mitosis occur?

A

Mitosis occurs whenever more cells are needed

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14
Q

Where can stem cells be taken from?

A

Bone marrow, the umbilical cord, somebody’s circulating blood

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15
Q

Where can stem cells be found?

A

The brain, bone marrow, blood and blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin and the liver

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16
Q

What would stem cell therapy do?

A

replace or rejuvenate damaged tissue

17
Q

what does the nucleus do?

A

it controls the cell

18
Q

what does the nucleus contain?

A

DNA

19
Q

what happens at the cytoplasm?

A

the site where chemical reactions take place

20
Q

what does the cell membrane do?

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

21
Q

what happens at the mitochondria?

A

aerobic respiration

22
Q

where does protein synthesis take place?

A

ribosomes

23
Q

what is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

A

bacterial cells

24
Q

what is an example of a eukaryotic cell?

A

plant cell / animal cell

25
Q

how do you work out the magnification factor?

A

magnification=size of image

size of the object

26
Q

what is a micrometer equal to ?

A

0.001 mm

27
Q

why doesn’t a red blood cell have a nucleus?

A

so it can carry as much oxygen as possible

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