Cells and Microscopes Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is Cell Theory?
All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of all organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What are the two catagories into which cells are classified?
Cells are classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
What major feature distinguishes the two catagories?
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
The endosymbotic theory states that ancient prokaryotic cells entered ancestral eukaryotic cells and evolved into Mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Who discovered that all plants are made of cells?
Matthias Schleiden
Who discovered that all animals are made of cells?
Theodore Schwann
Who discovered that all cells are made by the division of other cells?
Rudolf Virchow
What do all cells have in common?
They are all very small, all are enclosed by a cellular membrane, and all contain DNA.
What does a nucleus do and what type of cells use it?
In plants and animals the nucleus contains the DNA. Prokaryotic cells keep DNA in the cytoplasm.
What does a vacoule and/or vesicle do and what type of cells use it?
In plants and animals the vacoules and vesicles are used for transport storage and in some instances support.
What does a lysosome do and what type of cells use it
In animal and some plant cells the lysosomes break down materials.
What does a cytoskeleton do and what type of cells use it?
In animal, plant, and prokaryotic cells the cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape.
What does a ribosome do and what type of cells use it?
In all cells the ribosomes produce proteins.
What does a endoplasmic reticulum do and what type of cells use it?
In animal and plant cells the endoplasmic reticulum assists the synthesis of proteins.
What does a Golgi apparatus do and what type of cells use it?
In animal and plants the Golgi appartus modify, sort, and package proteins.
What does a chloroplast do and what type of cells use it?
In plants the chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.
What does a mitochondria do and what type of cells use it?
In animal and plants the mitochondria convert energy from food to cellular energy. Prokaryotic cells use a similar reaction in their cytoplasm.
What does a cell wall do and what type of cells use it?
In plants and prokaryotic cells the cell wall protects the cell and keeps it rigid.
What does a cell membrane do and what type of cells use it?
In all cells the cell membrane seperates inside and outside the cell.
What makes the cell membrane selectivly permeable?
The lipid interior is hydrophobic and prevents water and charged particles from passing through.
What are the similarities and differences between passive and active transport?
Both types of transport allow the exchange of material across the plasma membrane. Passive transport doesn’t require cellular energy and Active transport does.
How can osmotic pressure affect cells?
Osmotic pressure can cause cells to swell or shrink.
What is a solution?
A solute (salt) dissolved in a solvent (water).
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is a special type of facilitated diffusion where the water moves, not the solute.
