Cells and Microscopes

Question 1

What is Cell Theory?

Answer 1

All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of all organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

What are the two catagories into which cells are classified?

Answer 2

Cells are classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Question 3

What major feature distinguishes the two catagories?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do.

Question 4

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 4

The endosymbotic theory states that ancient prokaryotic cells entered ancestral eukaryotic cells and evolved into Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 5

Who discovered that all plants are made of cells?

Answer 5

Matthias Schleiden

Question 6

Who discovered that all animals are made of cells?

Answer 6

Theodore Schwann

Question 7

Who discovered that all cells are made by the division of other cells?

Answer 7

Rudolf Virchow

Question 8

What do all cells have in common?

Answer 8

They are all very small, all are enclosed by a cellular membrane, and all contain DNA.

Question 9

What does a nucleus do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 9

In plants and animals the nucleus contains the DNA. Prokaryotic cells keep DNA in the cytoplasm.

Question 10

What does a vacoule and/or vesicle do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 10

In plants and animals the vacoules and vesicles are used for transport storage and in some instances support.

Question 11

What does a lysosome do and what type of cells use it

Answer 11

In animal and some plant cells the lysosomes break down materials.

Question 12

What does a cytoskeleton do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 12

In animal, plant, and prokaryotic cells the cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape.

Question 13

What does a ribosome do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 13

In all cells the ribosomes produce proteins.

Question 14

What does a endoplasmic reticulum do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 14

In animal and plant cells the endoplasmic reticulum assists the synthesis of proteins.

Question 15

What does a Golgi apparatus do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 15

In animal and plants the Golgi appartus modify, sort, and package proteins.

Question 16

What does a chloroplast do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 16

In plants the chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.

Question 17

What does a mitochondria do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 17

In animal and plants the mitochondria convert energy from food to cellular energy. Prokaryotic cells use a similar reaction in their cytoplasm.

Question 18

What does a cell wall do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 18

In plants and prokaryotic cells the cell wall protects the cell and keeps it rigid.

Question 19

What does a cell membrane do and what type of cells use it?

Answer 19

In all cells the cell membrane seperates inside and outside the cell.

Question 20

What makes the cell membrane selectivly permeable?

Answer 20

The lipid interior is hydrophobic and prevents water and charged particles from passing through.

Question 21

What are the similarities and differences between passive and active transport?

Answer 21

Both types of transport allow the exchange of material across the plasma membrane. Passive transport doesn’t require cellular energy and Active transport does.

Question 22

How can osmotic pressure affect cells?

Answer 22

Osmotic pressure can cause cells to swell or shrink.

Question 23

What is a solution?

Answer 23

A solute (salt) dissolved in a solvent (water).

Question 24

What is Osmosis?

Answer 24

Osmosis is a special type of facilitated diffusion where the water moves, not the solute.

Question 25

What is homeostasis?

Answer 25

Homeostasis is the constant internal conditions which an organism must maintain to survive.

Question 26

What is cell specilization?

Answer 26

Cell specialization is the development of different types of cells that carry out particular functions.

Question 27

What are the levels of organization within multicellular organisms?

Answer 27

Cells of similar types are grouped into tissues. Tissues work together in organs, and organs perform a common procces with their organ system.

Question 28

How do cells in a multicellular organsim communicate?

Answer 28

Cells in multicellular organisms communicate via cellular junctions and signals and receptors.

Question 29

How do microscopes work?

Answer 29

Microscopes use lenses to magnify objects.

Question 30

What does cell staining accomplish?

Answer 30

Cell staining allows us to visualize structures that would normally be transparent.

Question 31

What are some advantages and disadvantages to electron microscopy?

Answer 31

Electron microscopy has far better resolution than light microscopy, but the samples to be visualized cannot be alive.

Question 32

What is tissue culture?

Answer 32

Tissue culture is the propagation of cells in the laboratory. They can be used for a variety of experiments.