Cells And Immune System Flashcards
What is an antigen
Molecules (usually proteins) that are in surface of cells
Main stages of immune response stage 1. phagocytosis
Phagocytosis - White blood cell recognise foreign antigens
Cytoplasm moves round pathogen
Contained in vacuole
Lysosome fuses with vacuole break down pathogen
Phagocyte presents antigens on its surface to other immune cells
Main stages of immune response stage 2.
T Cells (another white blood cell) has receptor proteins on its surface that bind to complimentary antigens by phagocytes
- Helper T cells release chemical signals that active cytotoxic T cells,
- Activates B cells
Main stages of immune response stage 3.
B-Cells
Covered in antibody antibody complex
Cellular response
T cells
Humoral response
B cells, clonar selection and the production of monoclonal antibodies
Primary and secondary response
Primary response is slow, not many B Cells that can make the antibody to bind. After B and T cells produce memory cells.
Active immunity immunity and Passive
Active
Natural -This is when you become become immune after catching disease
Artificial - This is when you get vaccine
Passive
Natural - Baby gets mother’s antibodies
Artificial - injected with someone else’s blood
What is ELISA test
Allows you to see if someone has any antibodies of certain antigen
What do T Cells do
Complimentary antigen presented, eg helper T cells release chemical signals that activate and stimulate cytotoxic T cells and activates B - Cells
