Cells And Control - Cell Cycle Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are complex. All animal and plant cells are eukaryotic. Whereas Prokaryotic are smaller and simpler. An example of this would be bacteria.
What is inside of an animal cell?
- The central part of an animal cell like all living organism is called the nucleus which contains all of the genetic material.
- Cytoplasm is where all the chemical reactions take place.
- Cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell (almost like a barrier).
- Mitochondria is the site of where most aerobic respiration takes place.
- Ribosomes are where proteins are made in the cell.
What are the two types of microscopes?
Electron and light microscopes. Electron microscopes help us see things which are smaller in an organisms cell and a lot deeper which means it has a variety of different magnification sizes. Whereas for light microscopes lets us see an overview of what’s roughly in the cell.
How do you work out the magnification of an image?
The width of a cell is 0.02 mm. The width of it’s image under a microscope is 8 mm. What magnification was used to view the cell?
- Magnification = 8 mm / 0.02 = x 400
What are the functions for nerve cells?
Nerve cells carry electrical signals around the body which are so long they can cover more distance in the body.
What are the characteristics of phloem cells?
Phloem cells transport food but is contains dead organisms inside of it which doesn’t really make it a cell. However, because it transports foods it’s therefore called a cell due to that reason.
How many pairs of chromosomes (where all genetic information is kept) is there in a human cell?
23 pairs which in total is 46 chromosomes in one cell.
What is the defintion of mitosis?
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
What is a bone marrow?
A type of tissue which is located inside of bones.
Why are stem cells useful for humans, especailly for our skin?
Many stem cells contain; aloe vera which is a type of substance found in plant cells mainly which helps in heal skin together if you have a cut as a result will speed up the rate in which platelets (red blood cell production) around that specific injury.
What is the defintion of diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is the role of the cell membrane in a cell?
Let things go in and out of the cell like a body guard. However because they are so tiny only air particles like; oxygen, glucose etc can fit through them.
What is the definition of osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable (water can flow through) membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concenrated solution.
What is the process of active transport (how does it work)?
Sometimes substances need to be absorbed from a lower concentration to a higher concentration - against the concentration gradient.
How and where does gas exchange take place?
Oxygen and carbin dioxide are exchanged in the lungs. Oxygenated blood is given out to the working muscles whereas we breath out carbin dioxide as it’s a waste product in our body. However, this is affecting the amount of greenhouse gases are released into the air which can be a problem for things like climate change in the future.
