Cells and Chromosomes

Question 1

Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann

Answer 1

Plants and animals are composed of cells

Question 2

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 2

every cell comes from a cell

Question 3

Three basics ideas

Answer 3

1. All living organisms are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic building blocks of life
3. All cells come from existing cells

Question 4

Nucleus Makeup

Answer 4

3.65 pg of DNA
3 billion base pairs
20,000 protein genes (haploid cells)

Question 5

What do mitochondria have?

Answer 5

their own DNA

Question 6

Nucleus contains

Answer 6

nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear DNA, and chromosomes

Question 7

Nucleolus function

Answer 7

Ribosomal RNA synthesis

Question 8

Chromatin makeup

Answer 8

DNA+proteins

Question 9

Chromosomes makeup

Answer 9

composed of chromatin, contain all genetic information, divide DNA equally

Question 10

Who created the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?

Answer 10

Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri

Question 11

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Answer 11

1. chromosomes are carriers of units of inheritance- genes

2. chromosomes maintain genetic continuity through generations

Question 12

Centromere

Answer 12

important for the division of cells; every chromosome has one

Question 13

Metacentric

Answer 13

centromere located in the middle of the chromosomes

Question 14

Submetacentric

Answer 14

centromere located between the middle and the end of a chromosome

Question 15

Acrocentric

Answer 15

centromere located close to the end of the chromosome

Question 16

Where are the telomere/how many are there per chromosome?

Answer 16

the end of each chromosome arm/there are 4

Question 17

How to identify the p vs q arm of a chromosome

Answer 17

p arm is the short arm

q arm is the long arm

Question 18

Diploid number

Answer 18

same size/morphology
same genes
same or different alleles

Question 19

Haploid number

Answer 19

one homolog from father and another from mother
each has 2 chromatids
homologs have 4 chromatids

Question 20

What is cytology?

Answer 20

Science of cells

Question 21

What is cytogenetics?

Answer 21

Science of chromosomes

Question 22

What is the human diploid number?

Answer 22

2n=46

Question 23

What is the human haploid number?

Answer 23

1n=23

Question 24

Karyotype

Answer 24

complete set of chromosomes in a cell of an organism

Question 25

What is Haldane’s rule?

Answer 25

1. mammalian interspecific hybrids: males are usually sterile, rare, or absent
2. Female hybrids might be fertile

Question 26

Molecular causes of hybrid sterility

Answer 26

cytogenetic (in meiosis phase)
molecular (in DNA sequencing)
Epigenetic (in gene regulation)