Cells and Cell Division Flashcards
How do cells form body systems?
Cells -> tissues -> organs -> body systems
How small are cells?
10-20 micrometers but some can be up to 100
Name components of an animal cell
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
DNA
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Which structures of an animal cell can be seen under a light microscope?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus
What is the cell membrane formed from?
A phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in
What do proteins in the cell membrane do?
Act as receptors (for hormones, drugs, etc) and as gateways into the cell.
What does cytoplasm contain?
Water, salts, nutrients, and organelles.
What does cytoplasm contain?
Water, salts, nutrients, and organelles.
Define organelles
Membrane bound structures found within the cell
Describe the function of the nucleus
Control centre of the cell. Contains genetic material (DNA) packaged into chromosomes.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Describe the function of the nucleolus
Active area of the nucleus containing enzymes and RNA
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
Describe the function of lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes. Can be used to digest bacteria and debris within or outside of the cell.
Describe the function of mitochondria
Energy production
Describe the function of the centrosome
Made up of centrioles, this is involved in cell division
Describe the function of ribosomes
Attached to endoplasmic reticulum - protein synthesis
Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus
Secretes proteins out of the cell
What are inclusions within the cell?
An accumulation of cell products within the cell.
Why are inclusions not classed as organelles in a cell?
They have no membrane
What is the function of cilia in a cell?
Small hairs on the surface of the cell that move fluids and mucous.
Where are cells with cilia found?
Respiratory tract
What are microvilli and what is its function on a cell?
Small projections of the cell membrane that increase surface area
Where are cells with microvilli found?
Small intestine
What are the two types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis
How do most cells divide?
Mitosis
What does mitosis result in?
Two cells identical to the parent cell, identical to each other, and with the same number of chromosomes.
Which cells divide by meiosis?
Sex cells (sperm and ova)
What does meiosis result in?
Four cells different to parent cell, different to each other, and with half the number of chromosomes.
