Cells and Body Systems

Question 1

What are the three points of the cell theory?

Answer 1

• Cells are the basic unit of life.
• Organisms can be made of one cell (unicellular) or millions (multi-cellular)
• New cells are created through cell division (mitosis).

Question 2

List all the parts of an animal cell. What 2 other parts do plant cells have? For each cell part, describe its specific job in the cell.

Answer 2

Cell membrane- Protects cells and regulates substances

Nucleus- Control center, contains DNA, contains the nucleolus which makes ribosomes for proteins.

Cytoplasm- Contains the entire cell, excluding nucleus. It is made of cytosol which is water salt and sugars.

Mitochondria- Provides energy for the cell.

Ribosomes- Produce proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum- Transports proteins within cell

Golgi Apparatus and Bodies- Packaging and Export of proteins

Lysosomes- Digest food and waste

Vacuoles- Storage of food and waste

Plants have a cell wall and chloroplasts. Cell wall gives a rigid form to the cell, and chloroplasts produce sugar and 02.

Question 3

Describe the relationship between volume and surface area of a cube. How is this related to cell division?

Answer 3

As volume of a cell and surface area increase unproportionally, an increase in one would result in an ineffective cell, causing the need to divide.

Question 4

Label this cell:

https://drive.google.com/a/rhms.ca/file/d/0B7Fe8sUm2li1WlZMcEVLRlVRWTQ/view?usp=sharing

Answer 4

1. Nucleus
2. E.R
3. Mitochondria
4. Cell Membrane
5. Nucleolus

Question 5

What is osmosis? Diffusion? What is the difference between the two?

Answer 5

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration, to low concentration. The same is with osmosis, however, it only applies to water.

Question 6

Organize the following terms from basic to more complex and provide an example for each word: organelle, tissue, cell, organ system, organ

Answer 6

Term: Example:

Organelle	Mitochondria
Cell			Blood Cell
Tissue		Muscle Tissue
Organ		Lungs
Organ System Respiratory System

Question 7

Explain how oxygen from the air reaches the cells in our body. Make sure to include all the body parts and systems involved.

Answer 7

First, we breathe in through the mouth or nose.

Then the air travels down a trachea (windpipe), then down the bronchus tube.

Next, it goes to the bronchioles, where it is transported to the alveoli.
The air gets put into the cells, as they travel down the capillaries wrapped around the alveoli.

Once the air has been through the body, it is transported back to the alveoli, where the same process is repeated in reverse.

Question 8

Label the four major parts of the heart as indicated on the diagram below: (Ignore the extra lines – you are to label only the lines with numbers.)

https://drive.google.com/a/rhms.ca/file/d/0B7Fe8sUm2li1SDN5REJzbFRabzg/view?usp=sharing

Answer 8

1. Right Atrium
2. Right Ventricle
3. Left Atrium
4. Left Ventricle