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Human Bio ATAR > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell organelles (parts of the cell)

A

Selectively permeable allows solutes to move between the cell and the external environemt

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2
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Large organelle in a cell; contains DNA

- Manages cell functions

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3
Q

Nucleolus

A

Structure within a cells nucleus; involved in protein synthesis

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4
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Membrane that separates the nucleus of a cell from the cytoplasm

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • Surrounds the organelles

- Contains nutrients

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6
Q

Ribosomes

A

Makes protein

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Intercellular highway (a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

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8
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER

A
  • Moves protein within the cell

- Covered with ribosomes

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9
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A
  • Moves lipid (fats) around the cell
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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Receives proteins from the RER and distributes them to other organelles or out of the cell

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • Converts energy food (sugars) into usable energy for work. (ATP)
  • Cellular respiration
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12
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breaks down food particles

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13
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A
  • Cell movement
  • Cilia: short extrusions from cell surface
  • Flagella: long extrusions from cell surface
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14
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage of wastes, nutrients and water

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15
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis (light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose)

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16
Q

Cell membrane

A
  • Separate cell form its environment allowing the regulation of the internal environment
  • Boundary
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17
Q

Functions of cell membranes

A
  • Acts as physical barrier
  • Regulates the passage of materials
  • Sensitive to changes
  • Supports the cell
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18
Q

Semi-permeable membrane

A

Allows some materials in

19
Q

Crossing the cell membrane

A

Fats and oils pass directly through

20
Q

Cell membrane channels

A
  • Protein channels allow substances in and out

- Specific channels allow specific material in and out

21
Q

Passive transport and Active transport

A

Passive transport: do not use energy

Active transport : use cells energy (ATP)

22
Q

Simple diffusion (passive transport)

A

Move from high to low

23
Q

Facilitated transport (passive transport)

A

Move from high to low through a channel

24
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Active process in which materials are moved in membrane

25
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

26
Q

Exocytosis (vesicular transport)

A

Active movement of a substance out of a cell

27
Q

Endocytosis (vesicular transport)

A

Active movement of a substance into a cell

28
Q

Pinocytosis (endocytosis)

A

Cell drinking

29
Q

Phagocytosis (endocytosis)

A

Cell eating

30
Q

Carrier-mediated transport

A

Transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane by special carrier proteins

31
Q

Tissues

A

Group of cells that are similar in structure and function

32
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers things: small intestine lining, salivary gland inner membrane

33
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Hold things together and supports body

- Cartilage, blood cells and compact bones

34
Q

Muscular tissue

A 
- Responds to stimuli contracting and lengthening 
3 types
- Skeletal: voluntary, striated
- Cardiac: involuntary, striated
- Involuntary: smooth, non-striated
35
Q

Nervous tissue

A
  • Nerve cells called neurons
  • Very long
  • Brain, spinal cords and nerves
36
Q

Enzymes

A

Catabolic (break down)

37
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A
  • The higher the rate of concentration of enzyme, the faster the rate of the chemical reaction
  • Increasing substrate concentration
  • Temperature
  • PH levels
  • Enzyme inhibitors
38
Q

Enzymes models

A
  1. Lock and key model

2. Induced fit model

39
Q

Catabolism

A
  • Destructive

- Release energy

40
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen > Water + Carbon dioxide

C3H12O6 + 6O2 > 6H2O + 6CO2

41
Q

Anabolism

A
  • Construct of complex substances from simpler ones
  • Use energy
  • Makes protein
42
Q

ATP

A
  • Adenosine Trisphosphate
  • ATP > Adenosine diphosphate
  • Storing energy in cells
43
Q

Aerobic

A

Oxygen

44
Q

Anaerobic

A

No oxygen

Human Bio ATAR (1 decks)

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