cells Flashcards
cell membrane
- permeable allows solutes to move between the cells and the external environment
- phospho lipid bi layer
- protein channel
nucleus
storage centre of cells DNA (manages cell function)
cell wall
- rigid boundary around the plant cell
- provides structure and support
cytoplasm
-contains nutrients and surrounds the organelles
ribosomes
- makes protein and is located in the cytoplasm and on RER
chloroplasts
contains chlorophyll, and i where photosynthesis takes place
RER
moves proteins within the cell
SER
moves lipids around cell / no ribosomes
golgi apparatus
receives protein from RER and distributes to organelles
mitochondria
converts food into energy for work
cellular respiration
makes Adesacine Tri Phosphate
lysosomes
breaks down food particles
cilia and flagella
cell movement
vacuoles
used for temporary storage of waste
two types of membrane
plasma & non - plasma
lipids structure
phosphate = attracted to water ( hydrophilic ) lipid = repels water ( hydrophobic )
concentration gradient
high to low = no energy needed
low to high = energy needed
osmosis
diffusion of water across the cell membrane
endocytosis
exocytosis
endocytosis= the active movement of a substance in a cell exocytosis= ^ outside the cell
active transport
when molecules move against concentration gradient requires energy (atp)
4 types of tissue
- epithelial (skin)
- connective (bone)
- muscular (cardiac, skeletal)
- nervous (nerves)
epithelial
forms on the outer parts of the skin & lines hollow organs
connective
provides support for the body
muscular
responds to stimuli contracting and lengthening
1. skeletal 2. cardiac 3. involuntary
nervous
made up of neurons
BMR
basal metabolic rate
catabolic
- bigger pieces are broken down
- destructive
- releases energy
- cell respiration
anabolic
- reactions construct complex substances
- uses energy
- protein synthesis
- amino acids
glycolysis
- breaks down one molecule of glucose to produce two molecules of pyruvate
- anaerobic
- yields two molecules of atp
enzymes
catabolic reaction
- speed up a chemical reaction
lock and key
the lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. Only the correctly sized key (substrate) fits into the key hole (active site) of the lock (enzyme). they connect at the active site and when a catabolic reaction takes place, the result is an enzyme and a product.
cell respiration
when organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions
