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511 Anatomy + Physiology > CELLS > Flashcards

CELLS Flashcards

1
Q

cell (plasma) membrane

A

Bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules. Maintains integrity of the cell, contains passage of materials In and out of the cell

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Medium for chemical reactions , suspending medium for organelles

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic materials , regulates activity of the cell

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4
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Double layer membrane around the nucleus. Separates cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm , pores allow passage of material if necessary

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5
Q

Chromatin

A

Strands of DNA In the nucleus. Genetic material in the cell, becomes chromosomes in cell division

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6
Q

Nucleolus

A

Non membranous , composed of RNA. Forms ribosomes.

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Rod shaped bodies. ATP synthesis. ENERGY. Converts energy from food into a form that is able to be used by the body. Cells that require more energy have more mitochondria eg sperm cells.

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A

Granules of RNA. Protein synthesis

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9
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

In the cytoplasm. Transports materials. Rough er - aids in protein synthesis and smooth er is involved in lipid synthesis

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

PACKAGES products for secretion , forms lysosomes

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11
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membranous sacs of digestive enzymes in the cytoplasm. DIGEST / get rid off unwanted material eg worn out organelles

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12
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Protein microfilaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm. Support for the cytoplasm , movement of organelles

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13
Q

Centrioles

A

Pair of rod shaped bodies composed of microtubules. Distribute chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division

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14
Q

Cilia

A

Membrane enclosed bundles of microtubules that extend outward from cell membrane. Move substances across a cell

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15
Q

Flagella

A

Long and single , cell locomotion eg sperm

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16
Q

Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic

A 
Eukaryotic = contains membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum and have DNA. 
Prokaryotic = don't have a membrane enclosed organelle or nucleus but do have DNA.
17
Q

What are the two types of lipids?

A

Carbon chains - fats

carbon rings - steroids

18
Q

What is the bodies favourite source of energy?

A

Carbohydrates - monosaccharides

19
Q

Microvilli

A

Increase surface area for absorption. Intestines have more.

20
Q

Desmosome

A

Anchoring junction

21
Q

Tight junction

A

Prevent extracellular fluid from passing between cells

22
Q

Gap junction

A

communication , allow cell to cell transfer of ions and small molecules

511 Anatomy + Physiology (1 decks)

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